Anatomy
What is analogous structures
Same Function, Different structure
Write a homozygous genotype (you can choose any letters you want)
bb
gg
Who is the father of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What are the two types of reproduction?
asexual and sexual
what type of structure would you consider a bird and a butterfly to have?
analogous - same function, different structure
What is a vestigial structure?
A "leftover" body part
A part that's no longer in use but indicates past usage
What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
genotype = genetic code
phenotype = physical appearance
What is the difference between natural and artificial selection?
Artificial Selection - humans in charge - selecting traits they find valuable
Natural Selection - "nature selects" only traits that are suitable for survival are passed on.
Define heredity
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
Name two vestigial structures humans have
wisdom teeth
tails/tail bones
third eyelid
ear muscles
appendix
arm tendon
If two species are closely related, will their common ancestor be recent or long ago?
recent
Describe how an allele is different from a gene
Allele - Different forms of a gene, specific traits inherited from parents (1 from each)
What two things that could happen if an organism is not fit for it's environment?
adapt
die out
Which type of reproduction would pollination be?
sexual reproduction - pollen needed from another plant
What is the pattern that all skeletal organisms share in their limbs?
One bone, two bones, many bones, digits
Which structure DOES NOT indicate a common ancestor and WHY
analogous
different structures
If I cross 1 white homozygous puppy and one heterozygous white puppy, what is the probability I will get a brown puppy?
B = White
b = brown
You must write the cross, the punnett square, and your percentages for all points
BB x Bb
B B
B BB BB
b Bb Bb
100% White
Describe what genetic variation is and its benefits
Difference in DNA among organisms
- small differences allow for adaptations
Name 1 disadvantage and 1 advantage of both asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual
- little GV, easily affected by predators/sickness
-reproduce quickly, no need to find a mate
Sexual
-need to find a mate, reproduce slowly
- lots of GV, not as affected by predators and disease
Using what you know about genotypes, why are some traits more rare than others?
recessive alleles - need two recessive alleles for some traits to express themselves
Which type of structures indicate a common ancestor and why?
Homologous Structures - shared bone pattern in all skeletal animals
If I cross 2 white heterozygous puppies, what is the probability I will get a brown puppy?
B = White
b = brown
You must write the cross, the punnett square, and your percentages for all points
Bb x Bb
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
75% of white
25% chance brown
Do organisms choose to adapt? Explain
No - adaptations happen at random, naturally selected, occur based on genetic variation
What are THREE examples of organisms that reproduce ASEXUALLY
tubers (potatoes)
running plants (strawberries)
Regeneration (Starfish)
Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel