Water World
What is the term for water that is safe to drink?
Potable
Describe the movement of water waves using directions/shapes
Circular Motion
What is the name of the underwater mountain chain that forms from seafloor spreading?
Mid-Ocean Ridge
What causes ocean surface currents?
Wind
Explain the difference between Waves, Tides, and Currents (Include causes)
Waves: surface level circular motion from wind
Tides: rises/falls in relative water levels caused by gravity of the moon
Currents: steady flow of water, both on the surface and deep below, caused by wind, salinity/temperature differences, Earth's rotation.
Name 2 sources of fresh water for human use
Groundwater and surface water (lakes/rivers)
What causes tides on Earth?
The gravitational pull of the moon
Name this glacial formation
A buildup of rocks and sediments left behind by a Glacier?
A Moraine
How does water's heat capacity affect climates of nearby regions?
It absorbs and releases heat slowly, stabilizing temperature changes
Describe how a volcanic island forms using plate tectonics
Magma escapes from a hot spot or subduction zone along the edges of tectonic plates, building up until it forms an island.
What is water hardness caused by? (Name the minerals)
Dissolved Calcium and Magnesium
What is a sediment load?
Amount of material carried by a river/stream
Why have glaciers been shrinking and retreating over the past few decades?
Global warming has caused them to melt faster than they are growing
What is the name of the Warm current that moves from Mexico towards Europe?
The Gulf Stream
How do melting glaciers impact river systems and ocean levels?
They reduce river flow over time and contribute to rising sea levels
Name this process - Water is boiled so that the water evaporates and leaves any contaminants/minerals behind. Liquid freshwater is then formed from the water vapour.
Distillation
Why do rivers create Deltas when they meet large bodies of water?
The river water slows down and deposits its sediment load into a fan shape
What forms when one oceanic plate sinks under another plate, and what is the name of this process?
A Trench is formed during the process of Subduction
What 2 ways do warm ocean currents affect nearby climates?
Warm the air, and increase precipitation
What would happen to biodiversity if Scotland's warm Gulf Stream turned cold?
The organisms/ecosystems would have difficulty adapting to lower precipitation, and lower temperatures, likely reducing their biodiversity
Name this process - Salt water is forced through a filter or membrane with holes too small for the salts to pass through (Selective filter). The water moves from an area of lower water concentration to one of higher water concentration, leaving behind the unwanted dissolved substances.
Reverse Osmosis
Name one example each of water causing Mechanical Weathering and Chemical Weathering
Mechanical Weathering - waves eroding down beaches, rivers eroding riverbeds
Chemical Weathering - Pooled water dissolving limestones into caves
1. A small, teardrop shaped hill formed when glaciers move overtop an existing moraine
2. A lake formed when a chunk of ice from a retreating glacier melts in place
1. Drumlins
2. Kettle Lakes
Why would Labrador have a colder climate than Scotland, even though they are on the same latitude and by the same ocean?
Labrador is affected by the cold Labrador Current, and Scotland is affected by the warm Gulf Stream current
At what part of a river's journey would erosion be the strongest?
Early in a river's journey, at the steepest parts of the mountain that it is flowing from.