ACELLULAR PATHOGENS
Virus that immediately destroys its host cell after replication is following this type of life cycle
What is the lytic cycle?
Reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA within the cytoplasm
What is the transition reaction?
Most common mechanism of bacteria replication
What is binary fission?
Provides energy needed for DNA synthesis
What is deoxynucleotide triphosphate?
Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
What is nitrogen fixation?
This protein shell surrounds and protects the genetic material of a virus.
What is a capsid?
Metabolic pathway that starts with glucose molecule and ends with two 3-Carbon pyruvate molecules
What is glycolysis?
Dynamic setup designed to keep bacteria growing indefinitely
What is an open growth system?
Occurs spontaneously when a heated denatured nucleic acid solution is cooled
What is reannealing?
Enzyme that regulates DNA supercoiling
What are topoisomerase?
Process where a bacteriophage accidentally picks up DNA from one bacterium and carries it to another bacterium.
What is transduction?
Metabolic pathway that is both catabolic and anabolic
What is the Kreb’s cycle?
Statistical procedure used for dilute samples to evaluate growth by observing color or turbidity shifts from metabolic activity
What is the most probable number method?
Nucleotidases remove the phosphate from nucleotides
What is the 1st step in the DNA salvage pathway?
Process in which ATP is generated using energy released from electrons moving through an electron transport chain to a final electron acceptor.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
This technique allows scientists to detect viral genetic material in a patient sample without needing to grow the virus first.
What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
Enzyme remains inactive because cofactor is missing
What is an apoenzyme?
Chemical communication where genetic switch is flipped for bacteria to function as community
What is quorum sensing?
Enzyme that uses DNA template to synthesize mRNA copy of gene
What is RNA polymerase?
The energy stored in a proton gradient across a membrane.
What is the proton motive force?
During this early stage of viral infection, the virus attaches to cells, enters the cells, and begins taking over the host cell machinery, but no new viruses are detected yet.
What is the eclipse period?
Group of light-harvesting pigments and proteins that capture sunlight and transfer the energy to the reaction center for photosynthesis
What is the antennae complex?
An organism that uses inorganic compounds as an electron source for energy metabolism.
What is a lithotroph?
Cluster of genes transcribed from a single promoter into one polycistronic mRNA
What is an operon?
Metabolic approach that can support faster growth and help microbes outcompete neighboring organisms.
What is fermentation?