Oh, the places you'll go!
This city was the capital of the Byzantine Empire
What is Constantinople?
This is the title for a successor of Muhammad and leader of the Caliphate.
What is a caliph?
Meaning “recitation” in Arabic, this is the primary holy text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the revelations Muhammad received from the Angel Gabriel.
What is the Quran?
The son of a North African politician of the same name, this was the Byzantine emperor at the time of the Caliphate's conquests.
Who was Heraclius?
In the 7th century, this term refers to tribes who inhabit the Arabian Peninsula, Syrian Desert, and Levant.
Who are Arabs?
This is the city Muhammad and the early Muslims fled to after being kicked out of Mecca.
What is Medina?
This term refers to a person who follows the religion of Islam.
What is a Muslim?
This is the governing document of the first Muslim community, which famously established pluralism, collective defense, and religious freedom.
What is the Constitution of Medina?
This was the Sasanian emperor who led the country into war against the Byzantines.
Who was Khosrow II?
What are the five pillars of Islam?
This is the region just south of Egypt that military commander Amr ibn al-As wanted to conquer for the Caliphate.
What is Nubia?
This term refers to a community of people united under Islam.
What is the Ummah?
This is the peace treaty between the Caliphate and the Kingdom of Makuria that lasted for over 600 years.
What is the Baqt?
This was a prominent Sasanian general responsible for conquering Byzantine Palestine and Egypt. He would later betray the Sasanian Empire after it was discovered that his emperor ordered his second-in-command to assassinate him as punishment for losing control of the Byzantine capital.
Who was Shahrbaraz?
He was the final Sasanian emperor ever.
Who was Yazdgird III?
This Mesopotamian city is where the final battle of the Byzantine-Sasanian War was fought.
What is Nineveh?
This is the name for the trek that Muhammad and the early Muslims took after being kicked out of Mecca.
What is the Hijra?
Persian for "Book of Kings," this is the epic poem we read for seminar based on the lives of Persian emperors.
What is the Shahnameh?
He is the cousin of Muhammad, who Shia Muslims believe was meant to be Muhammad’s first successor.
Who is Ali?
He was elected as the first caliph after Muhammad passed away.
Who was Abu Bakr?
A battle fought in this city amid the Caliphate's civil war ended with the victory of the Umayyad Dynasty under the corrupt leader Yazid and the murder of Hussein.
What is Karbala?
This term refers to the Islamic system of law and justice based on the religion's holy texts.
What is sharia?
This agreement, named for the two men who agreed upon it, ended the Caliphate’s first civil war.
What is the Hasan-Mu’awiya Treaty?
This was a native Egyptian military commander who led a twenty-year long rebellion against the Byzantine Empire in an effort to free Egypt.
Who was Abaskiron?
A battle named after this river provided the Caliphate a decisive victory that allowed it to conquer the major Syrian city of Damascus from the Byzantines.
What is the Yarmuk?