Geography
What is the longest river in the world?
NILE RIVER
A system of religion in which there is only one deity
MONOTHEISM
Upper Egypt is further NORTH than Lower Egypt - TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE - It is upstream the Nile River and therefore, further south.
Jared Diamond argues against this point of view regarding the analysis of history.
PROGRESSIVIST NARRATIVE
The year that Jerusalem was established as the Israelites capital.
1000 BCE.
Large pyramidal structures built by the Sumerians as houses for their deities.
ZIGGURATS
Earliest civilizations appeared in 5 great river valleys
3000 BCE
Since the Mesopotamians lacked natural barriers for protection against invasion, what did their city-states rely on for defense?
Walls
The top of the social pyramid in Mesopotamia was shared by ________ and __________.
Kings and Priests
The title of Egypt's leaders:
Pharaoh
Name 2 reasons patriarchy emerged in civilization
Possibilities: Plow-based agriculture required upper body strength // women had more children closer together // acquisition of property created inheritance which created stricter control of women // development of militaries emphasized the importance of masculine over feminine qualities
Yahweh communicated directly with __________ who warned Jews that they would face consequences for breaking their part of the ____________ between God and the Israelites.
Prophets / Covenant
Environmental disasters were existential problems for Mesopotamians because they could lead to . . .
FAMINE
When scholars think versions of the Epic of Gilgamesh were first told
2000 BCE
The principal building material of Mesopotamia?
Mud-Bricks
Polytheistic religions often had deities that were connected to...
THE NATURAL WORLD or NATURE.
The Egyptian form of writing.
HIEROGLYPHICS.
Daily Double: What artifact discovered in 1799 allowed for the deciphering of Hieroglyphs in the modern era?
Three characteristics of an Empire.
Territorial Expansion, Centralized Rule, Diverse Subject Peoples
The ancient Israelite king described in II Samuel?
KING DAVID
His law code included the dictum, "an eye for an eye."
HAMMURABI.
Percentage of time on earth humans spent in the Paleolithic era.
95%
In Mesopotamia, a complex system of government was needed for what purpose?
To manage water.
What is the term for the worship of a single, supreme god while not denying the existence or possible existence of other lower deities.
Henotheism
Name THREE important things the Nile River provided to promote unity among ancient Egyptians.
1) COMMUNICATION 2) TRANSPORTATION 3) FLOODING LEADS TO AGRICULTURE 4) WATER SOURCE 5) PROTECTION FROM INVASION
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an example of the author _______________, "hero's journey" or monomyth.
Joseph Campbell.
The Kingdom of Judah was conquered by the...
Who were Chaldeans (or Neo-Babylonians)
There were many reasons why the Assyrians could keep sustained control over their large empire, identify FOUR.
1) COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 2) LARGE ARMY 3) IRON WEAPONS 4) USE OF TERROR 5) DISPERSED CONQUERED PEOPLES 6) COMPLEX MILITARY ORGANIZATION
Reign of Hammurabi of Babylon.
1792-1750 BCE
Name the five river valleys associated with the first civilizations.
Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Indus, Yellow Rivers
Which civilization overpowered the Kingdom of Judah in 586 BCE, leading to the Babylonian Captivity and the lyrics to Psalm 137: “By the rivers of Babylon we sat down and wept…”?
Chaldeans
What physical features on the upper reaches of the Nile protected Egypt from attacks from the south?
CATARACTS (rapids/waterfalls)
The Seven Traits of Civilization:
1. Urban Focus 2. New Political & Military Structures 3. A new social structure based on economic power 4. Development of more complexity in a material sense 5. A distinct religious structure 6. Development of writing 7. New forms of artistic and intellectual activity
Identify one way that unity of community is emphasized in the Laws of Leviticus in the Hebrew Bible.
Harvest Law - provide charity for less fortunate // Judges Law - judge all equally // Countrymen Law - love others as yourself // Stranger Law - treat strangers as you would your citizens
The moral of the story of Gilgamesh
EVERY MORTAL DIES, SO EAT, DRINK, AND BE MERRY. (HAVE A GOOD TIME WHILE YOU CAN)
Assyrian Empire stretched from the Nile to the Tigris in . . .
700 BCE