The Enlightenment
This term is used to describe the intellectuals of the Enlightenment
Who are the philosophes?
Preferred for its efficiency, this method of execution uses gravity and a blade to decapitate to its victims
What is a guillotine?
The French prized Haiti as a colony because of its production of this "edible" resource
What is sugar cane?
After becoming first consul 1799, Napoleon crowned himself this Roman-sounding title in 1804
What is "emperor"?
The Industrial Revolution started in this nation
What is Great Britain (or England)?
This process consists of empirical observations and their analysis
What is the scientific method?
The first article of this document states that "men are born free and remain free and equal in rights"
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
In their struggle against French colonial rule, the Haitian revolutionaries turned to these two European for aid
Who are England and Spain?
Under Napoleon, this was instituted to enshrine the ideals of the revolution into law
What is the Civil (or Napoleonic) Code?
This technological innovation came to be used in the machinery, trains, and boats that allowed the Industrial Revolution to become more efficient and widespread
What is the steam-engine?
This religious philosophy treats God as a detached "clockmaker" and the universe as His "clock"
What is deism?
This figure led the ironically-named Committee of Public Safety that led to the execution of 16,000 people
This document, written in 1801, eventually lead to Napoleon's attempt to reconquer Haiti and reinstitute slavery
What is the Haitian Constitution?
Napoleon was born in this territory annexed by France
What is Corsica?
This new class of people consisted of those who owned and/or benefitted from factory-based production, although they didn't labor in the factories themselves
Who is the industrial middle class (or bourgeoisie)?
This economic doctrine believes that the state should in no way interrupt the free play of natural economic forces
?What is laissez-faire
Prior to the French Revolution, the meeting of this was called by Louis XVI in order to address France's imminent financial collapse
What is the Estates-General?
After the revolutions, Haiti created a national flag, notably leaving out this color
What is white?
This term is used to describe Napoleon's attempts to prevent British goods from reaching mainland Europe in order to weaken Great Britain's economy
What is the Continental System?
These groups harnessed their collective power via strikes to win improvements in working conditions for their members
Who are trade unions?
Montesqiueu distinguished between these three basic kinds of government
What are republic, monarchy, and despotism?
This was the name of the final iteration of the French Revolutionary government that was overthrown by the Napoleon-led coup of 1799
What is the Directory?
The military loss in Haiti, combined with this "transaction," led Napoleon to withdrawing the French presence from the Western Hemisphere
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
This system of administrative organization favored by Napoleon tied promotion to ability rather than rank or birth
What is a meritocracy?
Growth in this allowed the textile industry to become the catalyst for the Industrial Revolution and provided a pool of surplus labor
What is population?