4.1
The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jackson
The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jackson
What are the name of the first two political parties in America?
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
Banned all American trade with Europe
Who made up the majority of workers in the Lowell System?
Young women
BONUS 50 POINTS: if you said unmarried young women
What was different about Andrew Jackson from our previous presidents?
-He was from Tennessee (first president not from the East)
-Not born into wealth
Name a famous American writer during the early 1800s.
What is judicial review?
The Supreme Court ultimately has the power to decide if any federal or state law is unconstitutional.
What was the era of "Good Feelings"?
After the War of 1812, Americans felt as if the war represented a second revolution and it inspired a sense of nationalism and patriotism
What 2 things is Eli Whitney known for inventing?
Cotton Gin and interchangeable parts
How did Andrew Jackson expand democracy during his presidency?
What is the Temperance Movement?
What do loose constructionists believe about the Constitution?
Loose constructionists believe the federal government has more flexibility in their interpretation of the Constitution to do a lot more than what was explicitly written.
What was the purpose of Henry Clay's "American System"?
The plan aimed to make the United States economically independent of Europe by encouraging American industry
Why did urbanization increase in the North?
Urbanization in America began to accelerate as more people moved to cities in search of job opportunities. The population of cities like New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore grew rapidly during this time, as did the number of factories and businesses that required a steady supply of labor.
What is the spoils system?
Supporters, friends, or relatives who helped in election campaign are given government jobs.
How did the Second Great Awakening inspire reform movements?
One’s ability to affect one’s future and to improve the world.
The religious feeling that drove reform was reinforced by a political belief in civic virtue (that good citizens act for the common good.)
How was Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana a contradiction to his political beliefs?
Jefferson was a strict constructionist (follow the Constitution as written...no room for interpretation) and there was nothing written in the Constitution about purchasing land YET he used federal government power to buy the territory anyway since it would help fulfill his dream for the US economy.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
The United States would resist new European colonization in the Western Hemisphere.
BONUS 50 POINTS: Monroe also pledged that the United States would not interfere in European affairs.
What was the Missouri Compromise?
States admitted south of the line would be slave states, while states admitted to the north of the line would be free states.
What political beliefs do democrats hold (in Jackson's era)?
Democrats shared the same beliefs as the earlier Democratic-Republicans, including limited federal government and opposition to federal involvement in the economy
What was the purpose of Frederick Douglass' speech "What to the Slave is the 4th of July?"
"Even Northerners who were anti-slavery were not necessarily pro-abolition. Many were content to let Southerners continue to hold slaves, a right they believed was upheld by the Constitution. They simply did not want to slavery to spread to areas where it did not exist. In this Independence Day oration, Douglass sought to persuade those people to embrace what was then considered the extreme position of abolition."
What kind of economy did Thomas Jefferson want for America?
Agricultural
How did the US foreign policy evolve over the period of 1807 to 1823?
The US role in world affairs evolved from 1803-1823 because they started off as a neutral state then later realized in 1807 an economic boycott was negatively impacting the US and realized they can’t stay neutral. Fast forward to 1823, the Monroe Doctrine declared that the US would remain neutral or if it's necessary they are allowed to change that.
How did the rise of manufacturing create a new middle class?
Name AND explain 1 way that Jackson contradicted himself (how did his political beliefs differ from his policies?)
BONUS 100 POINTS: if you can name and explain 2 ways
-Nullification Controversy (he said he supported state rights but opposed South Carolina using nullification)
-Native American Removal (went against Supreme Court decision to use federal government power to remove Natives from their homeland)
What is transcendentalism?
A new way to look at humanity, nature and God, and the relationship among them.
OR
They believed that individuals should listen to nature and to their own consciences- instead of religious doctrines- to learn the truth about the universe.