Basics of Sensation/Other Senses
Darby had damage to his brain that resulted in impairment of multiple senses. He most likely experienced damage to which brain structure?
A. Thalamus
B. Amygdala
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
A. Thalamus
People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their
A. rods
B. cones
C. lens
D. optic nerve
B. cones
The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the
A. eardrum.
B. auditory canal.
C. semicircular canal.
D. cochlea.
D. cochlea.
An individual’s ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called
A. auditory localization
B. dichotic listening
C. divided attention
D. selective attention
D. selective attention
Depth perception that uses information transmitted to only one eye depends on
A. relative luminance.
B. monocular cues.
C. lightness constancy.
D. stroboscopic movement.
B. monocular cues.
Bob is concerned because his children have been eating too much of an expensive breakfast cereal, so he brings home a less expensive version that looks and tastes exactly the same to him. His children immediately notice that the new cereal is less sweet. Which of the following concepts best explains the conflicting perceptions of Bob and his children?
A. Perceptual adaptation
B. Sensory adaptation
C. Difference threshold
D. Signal-detection theory
C. Difference threshold
Dilation and constriction of the pupil are controlled by the
optic nerve.
lens.
retina.
iris.
iris.
Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the
A. middle ear.
B. semicircular canals.
C. inner ear.
D. cochlea.
A. middle ear.
In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain
A. somatic behavioral disorders
B. perceptual organization
C. stimulus-detection thresholds
D. altered states of consciousness
B. perceptual organization
Observers watch a group of people passing a basketball back and forth. A researcher asks the observers to count the number of passes made. As they count passes, many of the observers fail to notice a person in a gorilla costume walking through the basketball court. Which of the following is the most likely reason many of the observers do not notice the person in the gorilla costume?
A. Perceptual constancy
B. Bottom-up processing
C. The mere-exposure effect
D. Inattentional blindness
D. Inattentional blindness
Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?
A. Gate-control theory
B. Opponent-process theory
C. Expectancy theory
D. Phantom pain
A. Gate-control theory
The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates
A. sensory interaction.
B. kinesthesis.
C. parallel processing.
D. subliminal perception.
C. parallel processing.
The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by
A. hair cells.
B. the eardrum.
C. the oval window.
D. bipolar cells.
A. hair cells.
Researchers found that 40 percent of people focused on repeating a list of challenging words failed to notice a change in the person speaking. This best illustrates
A. the blind spot.
B. the difference threshold.
C. priming.
D. change blindness.
D. change blindness.
Alice is shopping with her daughter when she hears the word “mom.” Alice answers, only to realize that the sales clerk said “ma’am” to a customer. This inaccurate perception can be attributed to
A. perceptual set
B. the Law of Effect
C. Weber’s law
D. sound localization
A. perceptual set
Karolina is a ballerina who does not get dizzy when she performs spins. Which part of her brain receives messages from the hair-like receptors that are involved in the vestibular sense?
A. Frontal lobes
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla
D/ Hypothalamus
B. Cerebellum
Valerie’s eyes focus on her notebook when she is taking notes in class, and the image of her writing appears clear and distinct. When she looks up at the instructor standing in the distance, her eyes focus on her instructor.
Which of the following accurately depicts why this change in focus occurs at different distances?
A. Valerie’s change in selective attention
B. The Gestalt principle of figure-ground
C. The accommodation processes of the lenses in Valerie’s eyes
D. Sensory interaction between vision and audition
C. The accommodation processes of the lenses in Valerie’s eyes
What is the purpose of the eardrum?
A. To transmit sound from the air to the bones of the middle ear.
B. Axons on the eardrum converge to form the auditory nerve, which sends auditory messages to the brain.
C. Transduction of sound waves into neural messages occurs in the eardrum.
D. Movement of the eardrum directly causes the stirrup to vibrate.
A. To transmit sound from the air to the bones of the middle ear.
Ana is instructed by her doctor to wear a patch over one eye while an infection heals. While wearing the patch, Ana will lose her ability to use which of the following depth perception cues?
A. Relative size
B. Interposition
C. Linear perspective
D. Retinal disparity
D. Retinal disparity
When two adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession, we perceive a single light moving back and forth between them. This is called
A. lightness constancy.
B. perceptual adaptation.
C. the phi phenomenon.
D. perceptual set.
C. the phi phenomenon.
The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called
A. transduction
B. sensory threshold
C. sensory adaptation
D. parallel processing
A. transduction
Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ________ theory.
A. frequency
B. Young-Helmholtz
C. gate-control
D. opponent-process
B. Young-Helmholtz
The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the ________ theory.
A. place
B. frequency
C. Young-Helmholtz
D. opponent-process
A. place
Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as
A. proximity.
B. interposition.
C. relative size.
D. continuity.
C. relative size.
One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?
A. opponent-process theory
B. binocular cue
C. retinal disparity
D. figure-ground
D. figure-ground