19th-Century "Ism"s
A group of people who share a common history, culture, or language
Nation
Forged a new Germany out of "iron and blood"
Otto von Bismarck
The Springtime of Nations; affected France, Austria, the German Lands, and parts of the Italian Peninsula
Revolutions of 1848
A political movement that is supported by large segments of an enfranchised population
Mass Politics
Ruled the Congo Free State for their personal gain
Maintaining the status quo; powerful presence at the Congress of Vienna in 1815
Conservatism
A system of politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations
Realpolitik
Understood traditionally as a territory made up of an unworkable assemblage of nationalities
The Habsburg (or Austrian) Empire
Idea that Jewish people deserved a homeland or nation of their own
Zionism
Direct rule by the Crown from 1858 to 1947; produced valuable commodities like cotton, jute, tea, and spices
The British Raj (India)
Nationalism
France lost this territory after the Franco-Prussian War; returned to France after WWI
Alsace-Lorraine
Compensated nobles for the loss of their lands during the French Revolution
Law of Indemnity (1825)
A mass politician who advocated for pan-Germanism (or the idea that Austria and Germany should unite to form a "Greater Germany")
Georg Ritter von Schönerer
A meeting of fourteen nations to remap Africa - without any regard for tribal boundaries
Berlin Conference
Constitutionalism; mass enfranchisement; the middle classes
Liberalism
Examples include: Burschenschaften in Germany, the carbonari in Italy, and the Young Ireland Movement
Nationalist organizations
Ruled France from 1824-1830; radical conservative
Charles X
Term used to describe the trial of a Jewish-French officer wrongfully accused of spying for Germany and its aftermath.
The Dreyfus Affair
An ideology of colonialism that justified imperial conquest as a “civilizing mission.”
"The White Man's Burden"
Edmund Burke
A sovereign territory whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent; has institutions
Nation-state
Moderate liberals in France agreed to install this person as king after the Revolution of 1830
Louis-Philippe, duke of Orléans
An antisemitic, anti-liberal politician who advocated for Austrian independence and political catholicism.
Karl Lueger
Resulted in the Western powers gaining commercial and legal privileges and territorial concessions in China
The Opium Wars