Vocabulary
Protect the people from discrimination and unequal treatment
What are equal rights?
Using actions and symbols rather than speech to convey an idea
What is symbolic speech?
Article of the Constitution that establishes the Supreme Court
What is Article 3?
New York Times Co. v. United States
What is the First Amendment (Freedom of Press/Speech)?
United States v. FEC
Freedoms guaranteed to us to protect us from government
What are civil liberties?
Being tried twice for the same offense
What is double jeopardy?
Act that established the three tier judiciary system of the United States
Judiciary Act of 1789
Gideon v. Wainright
What are the Sixth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment (Due Process)?
Engel v. Vitale
What is the First Amendment (Establishment Clause / Free Exercise Clause)?
Prevents the establishment of a national religion
What is the Establishment Clause?
Prohibits a person being found guilty of a crime without a trial
What are bills of attainder?
Also known as the appeals court; has no original jurisdiction, only appellate jurisdiction
Brown v. Board of Education
What is Amendment 14 (Equal Protection)?
Shaw v. Reno
What are the Fourteenth Amendment (Equal Protection) and the Fifteenth Amendment (Voting Rights for African Americans)?
Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
Requires a judge to evaluate whether there is sufficient cause to keep a person in jail
What is a writ of habeas corpus?
There are 94 of this type of court in the United States
What are federal district courts?
Roe v. Wade
What are the Ninth Amendment (right to privacy) and Fourteenth Amendment (due process)?
Yoder v. Wisconsin
What are the First Amendment (Free Exercise/Establishment Clause) and the Fourteenth Amendment (Due Process)?
Method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
What is procedural due process?
The policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violated constitutional provisions
What is substantive due process?
This is often the most important factor that the President considers when making judicial and nominations.
What is the political party of the nominee?
Baker v. Carr
What are Article III, Section 2 (original jurisdiction in all cases) and the Fourteenth Amendment (Equal Protection)?
Marbury v. Madison
What are Article III, Section 2, Clause 2 and the Judiciary Act of 1789?