Chapter 2
What are the three subatomic particles?!?! TELL ME!
Protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and ELECTRONSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS (negative charge)
What are the three properties of H20 and what's their deal?
1. Cohesion- H bonding between like molecules (surface tension)
2. Adhesion- Bonding between unlike molecules (pull of gravity like a friggen dew drop)
3. Transpiration- Movement of H20 up plants
WHAT ARE THE FOUR CLASSES MACROMOLECUELS?
. Carbohydrates (Sugars/Starches)
2. Lipids (Fats/Oils)
3. Proteins (Polypeptides)
4. Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA)
What are examples of strong and weak bonds?
WELL YOU AND I ARE THE STRONGEST OF BONDS!
But also covalent and ionic are strong and hydrogen bond is WEAK
Where are the three subatomic particles locatified?
Well, protons and neutrons are in the nucleolus and make up most of the atom's mass. AND electrons are lightweight and orbit the nucleus.
How do the properties of water contribute to life on earth (which sucks by the way)
Water's high specific heat- creates stable marine environments FOR ALL THE FISHIES AND DOLPHINS
Evaporative cooling- Molecules leaves as gas (ew) and it cools plants and is human sweat (ew)
Insulation by ice (BOO ICE)- Less dense, life exists under frozen surfaces like those weird little froggies, and creates a solid habitat for the cute little polar bears!
Solvent of life- can be used to create a solution with other substances, can dissolve and can dilute.
What be dehydration synthesis?
Constructs complex organic macromolecules (polymers) from smaller subunits (monomers) by removing water, forming covalent bonds. and it builds macromolecules-It connects monomers to create polymers such as proteins (from amino acids), carbohydrates (from monosaccharides), and nucleic acids (from nucleotides).
AI gave me this nice little summary about the properties of water for you to enjoy.
Water is critical to biology due to its polarity and hydrogen bonding, acting as a universal solvent for biochemical reactions, exhibiting high cohesion/adhesion for transport, and moderating temperature through high specific heat. It also provides surface tension and becomes less dense when frozen, allowing ice to float
What be the difference between an element and a compound?
And element is a pure substance that CANNOT be broken down so don't even try and a compound is two or more elements combined.
What be an acid and what be a base?
Acid increases H concentration (HCL)
Base-reduces concentration (NaOH)
What in the hell is hydrolysis?
Breaks down these polymers into monomers for digestion by adding water, which splits the bonds. DECOMPOSES FOOD
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Store hereditary info (LIKE HOW FABULOUS YOUR AUNT IS!) and also DNA and RNA I guess
What is an element's atomic number?
Number of protons in the nucleolus!
What is an example of an ACID and NOT THE DRUG
Friggen lemons!
What are the four structural levels of protein?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary—that determine a protein's 3D shape and function. These levels describe the complexity of the amino acid chain, moving from linear sequence to folding, 3D conformation, and interaction between subunits, often stabilized by hydrogen bonds and other chemical interactions
Who is the best character on the Summer I Turned Pretty?
CONRAD
TELL ME ALL ABOUT THE TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS! DO IT NOW!
Covalent- Sharing of electrons between NONmetals, strong as hell
Ionic-Transfer of electrons between metals, and nonmetals, strong as hell
Hydrogen bonds- WEAKER, intermolecular attractions between a hydrogen atom in a polar bond and an electronegative atom
Van de Walls Interactions- fleeting attractions between atoms and molecules. A fling, if you will.
WHAT IS A BASE!? (It's all about the base)
Bleach! And water and saliva by the way are neutral
How to proteins reach their final shape?
Proteins reach their functional, three-dimensional shape (conformation) by folding based on their amino acid sequence, often assisted by chaperone proteins. . Heat disrupts weak bonds (hydrogen bonds), causing unfolding, while extreme pH alters ionic interactions, leading to denaturation. These changes destroy secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, often inactivating the protein. Denatured proteins become insoluble and non-functional.
What are the cellular functions of all four organic compounds?
The four main organic compounds—carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids—are essential for life. They provide energy (carbohydrates), store long-term energy and build membranes (lipids), catalyze reactions and form structures (proteins), and encode genetic information (nucleic acids) to drive all cellular processes