Pathogens
What are the three disease agents/pathogens we discussed in this class?
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi
What are the five steps to the scientific method?
1. Testable question
2. Hypothesis
3. Create and conduct an experiment
4. Collect and analyze data
5. Form a conclusion
What are the four vital signs?
Blood pressure, pulse, temperature, respiratory rate
Where can we find someone's pulse?
Neck, wrists, ankles
Bonus: anywhere an artery is close to the surface
What four pieces of medical evidence do we need for a strong diagnosis?
1. Symptoms
2. Transmission
3. Incubation Period
4. Lab Results
Name 5 ways a pathogen could be potentially transmitted.
Ex. air, water, contact with contaminated objects, animals/insects, food, sneezing/coughing
What comes after each part in a hypothesis?
If _______________,
then _________________,
because ________________.
If [independent variable],
then [prediction about how the dependent variable will/won't change],
because [reasoning/justification].
Pick a vital sign- how can we raise it and how can we lower it
Many acceptable answers- at Teacher Jay's digression
Describe 2 aseptic techniques we will use during the antibiotic effectiveness experiment.
Many acceptable answers- at Teacher Jay's digression
PPE, keeping the bacteria covered as long as possible, sterilizing the desks/forceps, etc.
Symptoms: Fever, rash, lesions (spots) on throat, ear infection
Transmission: Contact with contaminated air
Incubation period: 2 weeks
Measles
Viral: antivirals/over the counter meds
Bacterial: antibiotics
Fungal: antifungal medicaionts/ointments
What are the three variables in an experiment and what are their definitions?
Independent Variable: Variable we change or test
Dependent Variable: Variable we measure
Controlled Variable: All other variables that are kept the same
Name 3 careers that would need the skill of taking vital signs
Many acceptable answers- at Teacher Jay's digression
Ex: nurse, doctor, paramedic, EMT, firefighter, etc.
Find the average using the following numbers:
66; 58; 77
67
Symptoms: Coughing, fatigue/weakness, fever, chills, no appetite
Transmission: Got it from someone coughing/sneezing all over me
Incubation period: Many weeks
TB
What microorganism is this?
I am a unicellular microorganism that is often used to make cheese, yogurt and other fermented food items. I come is three main shapes- rod, spheres, and spirals!
What does it mean when the controlled group and the experimental group have the same results?
The independent variable had no impact on the dependent variable
What are the units for each vital sign?
BP: mmHg
P: bpm
RR: breaths
Temp: degrees F
Describe how we place a blood pressure cuff on someone's arm.
Many acceptable answers- at Teacher Jay's digression
Ex. On the upper arm, align the artery mark to the brachial artery/middle of the inside of the elbow, not too tight- can fit two fingers between the cuff and the arm
Symptoms: Sore throat, cough, runny nose, headache, chills
Transmission: Contact with a contaminated surface
Incubation Period: 3 days
Common Cold
What is something only true for viruses?
What is something only true for fungi?
What is something only true for bacteria?
Many acceptable answers- at Teacher Jay's digression
V- non-living, not made of cells
F- can be multicellular, eukaryotic
B- prokaryotic, can live anywhere
Write a testable question and a hypothesis from the given independent and dependent variables:
Independent: Amount of time spent studying for a test
Dependent: Grade on the test
Many acceptable answers- at Teacher Jay's digression
Ex. How will my grade on a test change based on how long a study?
If I study for 4 hours, I will get a B on my test, because I reviewed/practiced the work.
Write an elevated version of each vital sign.
Many acceptable answers- at Teacher Jay's digression
Many acceptable answers- at Teacher Jay's digression
Ex. hold petri dish upside down and make parallel lines down the agar, turn 90 degrees, make more parallel lines down the agar, turn 45 degrees make more parallel lines
Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headache
Transmission: Foodborne
Incubation Period: One week
Invasive Listeriosis