Minerals
Rock Cycle
Pangaea
Seafloor Spreading
Tectonic Plates
100
This mineral characteristic means it is not made by humans.
naturally occurring
100
These are the three main types of rocks in the rock cycle.
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
100
This scientist proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
Alfred Wegener
100
Seafloor spreading is the process by which new oceanic crust forms at these underwater mountain chains.
mid-ocean ridges
100
This rigid, outer layer of Earth is broken into tectonic plates and sits on top of a softer, flowing layer.
lithosphere
200
This characteristic means a mineral does not come from living things
Inorganic
200
Igneous rock forms when this substance cools and hardens.
magma or lava
200
Wegener had strong evidence, but scientists rejected his idea because he couldn’t explain THIS:
force or mechanism moves the continents
200
Name two evidences that prove seafloor spreading?
Rock age
Magnetic Seafloor Data
200
The lithosphere floats on this soft, partially melted layer of the mantle, which allows plates to move.
asthenosphere
300
This characteristic means a mineral’s atoms form repeating patterns.
crystal structure
300
What type of rock is this? (Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic)
Sedimentary
300
Wegener noticed that these two continents fit together particularly well, like puzzle pieces, which helped inspire his idea of continental drift.
South America and Africa
300
As you move away from a mid-ocean ridge, rocks get older. Why does this support the idea of seafloor spreading?
because new crust forms at the ridge and pushes older crust outward
300
Oceanic plates are denser than continental plates. How does this affect what happens when they collide?
oceanic plate sinks beneath the continental plate in a subduction zone
400
This characteristic means a mineral has a specific formula of elements, which is why minerals can be valuable and used for money/economy.
set chemical composition?
400
Metamorphic rock forms through these two forces acting on existing rock without melting it.
heat and pressure
400
What does fossil correlation mean, and why does it support continental drift?
same fossils appear on different continents
these species could not have crossed oceans
400
These deep, narrow depressions in the ocean floor form where one tectonic plate sinks beneath another at a subduction zone.
ocean trenches
400
Two tectonic plates are moving toward each other. The denser plate sinks under the lighter plate. What type of boundary is this, and what feature forms as a result?
CONVERGENT
trench
500
Sugar crystals are solids with a definite chemical composition (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) but are not naturally occurring minerals because they are produced by plants and processed by humans. They are organic and have a crystal structure.
Mineral or Non-Mineral?
Non-Mineral
500
Put these processes in order to form a sedimentary rock: deposition, erosion, weathering, compaction/cementation
Correct order: weathering → erosion → deposition → compaction/cementation
500
What climate clues did Wegener find as evidence for continental drift? How does this support his hypothesis?
glacial scratches in areas that are now tropical and tropical plant fossils in areas that are now very cold.
500
Scientists used this technology, which sends sound waves to map the ocean floor, to discover mid-ocean ridges and study seafloor spreading.
sonar
500
This famous fault in California is a transform boundary where the Pacific Plate and North American Plate slide past each other, causing frequent earthquakes.
San Andreas Fault