What modern sports share similarities with the Mayan ball games? How are they similiar?
Soccer- no hands
Volleyball- no feet
Basketball- get through a hoop
Football- protective gear
100
How was the Aztec government different the the Mayan system?
The Aztecs had one chief for the entire empire.
100
What were the results of the first encounters of natives and Spanish explorers?
The Spanish were not friendly to the natives. The natives were forced into slavery.
100
How did the mix of people result in a new social structure? What was it based on?
The new social structure was based on race.
100
Define: Viceroy and alliance.
Viceroy: Representative who ruled one of Spain's provinces in the Americas in the king's name.
Alliance: Formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense.
200
Describe the Mayan method of farming.
The Mayan method of farming was to "slash and burn:" Cut down the rainforest.
200
Describe the Aztec method of farming.
Aztecs created chinampas; Artificial islands made of earth piled on reed mats anchored to shallow lake bed.
200
How did the divisions within the Aztec and Incan empires help the Spanish?
Other divisions (natives) of South America did not like the rule of the Aztec and Inca.
200
What are the main four reasons for Spanish victory over the natives?
Military tactics, divisions of natives, disease from Europe, and world ending (for the natives.)
200
Define: Conquisador.
Conquisador: Name for the Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas for Spain in the 1500's and 1600's.
300
Why did Mayan officials need a calendar?
To predict the correct time to hold ceremonies.
300
Describe the Incan method of farming. How were the farms divided and why?
The Inca's created steppe terraces on the side of the mountains. Land was divided for specific groups of people or for particular purposes. Government divided harvest among the people and saved some in case of famine.
300
A. What inspired Francisco Pizarro to conquer Peru?
B. What was Pizarro's plan to get the Inca to follow his orders?
A. Pizarro wanted fame and gold.
B. Pizarro's plan to get the Inca to follow his orders was to kidnap the king.
300
A. How did the Spanish colonies make money for the Spanish king?
B. Describe how Spain controlled its colonies.
A. The Spanish sent mined gold to the king.
B. Spain controlled the colonies by limiting people they could trade with.
300
Define: Peninsular and creole.
Peninsular: Member of the highest class in Spain's colonies in the Americas.
Creole: Person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was an American-born descendant of Spanish settlers.
400
How was the Mayan government structured?
Each city/state had their own chief in charge of the area.
400
Describe some of the medical advances the Aztecs were able to achieve.
The Aztecs created herbs/medicine for wounds and fevers, learned how to reset broken bones, and fix cavities.
400
A. How were the Spanish more equipped for battle than the natives?
B. How did disease impact Spanish conquest?
A. The Spanish had better tactics, armor, and weapons.
B. The diseases brought over by the Spanish caused an epidemic and killed the natives.
400
Give three examples of cultural blending in the Spanish colonies.
1. Europeans learned native cooking.
2. Europeans taught religion to the natives.
3. Africans brought dance and song to the colonies.
400
Define: Mestizo and mulatto.
Mestizo: Person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was a Native American and European descent.
500
Who developed the Mayan calendar?
Priest and astronomers.
500
What are some of the advances in learning the Inca were able to achieve?
Advances in learning: Metal working and surgery on the human skull.
500
Who was Malinche? Where did she come from? What service did she provide to Cortes?
Malinche was a native translator.
She was a native to the area Cortes was conquering.
The services that she provided was translating.
500
List the order of the social structure in the Spanish colonies from top to bottom.
Chinampas: Artificial islands made of earth piled on reed mats anchored to a shallow lake bed.
Glyph: Pictograph or other symbol carved into a surface.