What Goes Up...
What is gravity?
orce of attraction between objects that pulls them together
What is an Orbit?
An orbit is the path one object takes around another due to gravity
What is rotation?
Rotation is Earth's spin on its axis, causing day and night
What is a New Moon?
When the Moon's unlit side faces Earth, making it appear invisible
What's bigger - Earth's pull or the Sun's pull?
How does mass affect gravity?
The greater the mass of an object, the stronger its gravitational pull
What shape is an orbit around the Sun?
An ellipse (oval shape)
What is revolution?
Revolution is Earth's movement around the Sun, taking one year
What happens during Full Moon?
The entire lit side of the Moon faces Earth, making it appear as a complete circle
If it's summer in the Northern Hemisphere, explain what season it would be in the Southern Hemisphere and why.
Winter
The southern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
What happens if the Sun increases in size?
If the Sun increases in size, its gravitational pull would increase, affecting all planets' orbits
Which of Kepler's laws relates to distance from the Sun?
Kepler's Third Law relates orbital period to distance from the Sun
What are the seasons in Northern Hemisphere?
Spring (March), Summer (June), Fall (September), Winter (December)
What are the 8 phases of the moon (in order)?
New Moon → Waxing Crescent → First Quarter → Waxing Gibbous → Full Moon → Waning Gibbous → Last Quarter → Waning Crescent
If Planet Teacherus has a 30-day orbit, would Planet Studentus (which is farther from the Sun) have a longer or shorter orbital period? Why?
Longer
Kepler's 3rd law states that the farther the planer the longer the orbital period.
How does gravity affect orbital periods?
Stronger gravity leads to shorter orbital periods; objects closer to the source orbit faster
Which location represents faster orbit?
The location closer to the Sun represents faster orbital motion
What are the seasons in Southern Hemisphere?
Opposite of Northern: Fall (March), Winter (June), Spring (September), Summer (December)
My friend said they say a lunar eclipse during lunch the other day. Is this true?
No. Lunar eclipses can only be seen at night. Lunch is during the day time.
What's the difference between rotation and revolution? How do they affect Earth differently?
Rotation is Earth's spin on its axis (day/night cycle), while revolution is Earth's movement around the Sun (yearly cycle)
What is the main factor affecting surface gravity?
A planet's mass is the main factor affecting surface gravity
Explain Kepler's First Law
Planets orbit in ellipses with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse
Explain how distance from the Sun affects orbit
Greater distance from the Sun means longer orbital periods and slower orbital speed
SUN -- Earth -- Moon
What kind of eclipse is this?
Lunar
When a planet is closest to the Sun versus farthest from the Sun in its orbit, how does its speed compare? Which of Kepler's Laws explains this?
Planets move faster when closer to the Sun and slower when farther away (Kepler's Second Law of Equal Areas)