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Miscellaneous Evolution Q's
Natural Selection
Structural and Behavioral Adaptations
Homologous and Vestigial Structure
Radiometric Dating
100
What is the process by which modern organisms descended from ancient ones?
Evolution
100
Natural selection could not occur without genetic ________________in populations
variation
100
What is the process by which organisms become better suited to their environments called?
Adaptation
100
Snakes have leg bone and humans have an appendix and tonsils. These are examples of what type of structure?
Vestigial structures
100
_____________ (older or newer) fossils are found deeper in the Earth than _____________ (older or newer) fossils.
Older fossils are found deeper in the Earth than newer fossils.
200
Humans and rhesus monkeys share 88% of their DNA. Humans and cheetahs share 23% of their DNA. Which is more closely related to humans?
Rhesus monkey
200
Change in a trait’s frequency in a population due to random variation (chance) is known as ______________ _____________.
Genetic drift
200
Camels can store large amounts of water in their bodies and cacti have waxy skin to prevent water loss. These are examples of ______________ adaptations.
Structural adaptations
200
The bones in the front legs of an alligator are basically the same as those in a human arm just with a different size and a different purpose. This is an example of what type of structure?
Homologous structure
200
The age of fossils can often be determined by measuring the amount of a specific ________________ isotope in the bones
radioactive
300
The theories of evolution and natural selection were proposed in a book called On the Origin of Species written by ______________
Charles Darwin
300
Transfer of traits from one gene pool or population to another is known as _________ __________.
Gene flow
300
What are 3 types of behavioral adaptations?
Behavioral adaptations include communication, social behavior, territorial behavior.
300
In the very early stages of life, fish, rabbits, humans, salamanders, and gorillas look very similar and develop in similar patterns. This is an example of what?
Embryology
300
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5770 years. What fraction of carbon-14 will remain in the fossil of an organism that died 11,540 years ago?
1/4 or .25
400
The theory of ___________ ___________ states that organisms who are well adapted to their environments are more likely to survive
natural selection
400
Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that are very ____________________ (in size)
small
400
______________ ensures related genes are passed along to the next generation.
Altruism
400
Similarities in embryos suggest that the organisms have a _____________ ancestor, have many similarities in ________, and share certain ___________ and/or structures.
Similarities in embryos suggest that the organisms have a common ancestor, have many similarities in DNA, and share certain organs and/or structures.
400
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5770 years. What fraction of carbon-14 will remain in the fossil of an organism that died 17,310 years ago? Hint: Use equation
.125 or 1/8
500
What does it mean for organisms to have "fitness" in evolution?
Fitness – How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
500
You are a zoologist studying the following birds on a group of islands. Each species of bird is on a separate island. The birds are identical to each other except for the type of beak that they have. How can you explain their similarities and differences?
Similar because had a common ancestor but have evolved different beaks based on their environments and eating habits on the different islands.
500
_______________ behavior helps ensures that there is enough food and shelter in the area and that contagious diseases cannot spread as easily.
Territorial
500
This is an example of what type of structure
homologous
500
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5770 years. What fraction of carbon-14 will remain in the fossil of an organism that died 23,080 years ago? Hint: Use equation
1/16 or .0625