Vocabulary
Chunking
A strategy to increase memory in which smaller bits of information are grouped into meaningful units
B.F Skinner
He was a behaviorist. Used the term operant conditioning to describe the effect of the consequences of a behavior.
What is the difference between a conditioned response and an unconditioned response?
A conditioned response has to be learned, as opposed to the unconditioned response, which occurs naturally without having to learn it.
What is the Cannon-Bard theory?
A theory that states that the physiological sensations of an emotion and the psychological experience of an emotion happen simultaneously.
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of memory for events that preceded the event that caused the memory loss.
Abraham Maslow
Abraham Harold Maslow was an American psychologist who was best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
What's the conditioned stimulus?
It's when the neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus to provoke the conditioned response
What is the Schachter-Singer cognitive theory?
Emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label. We act first then we experience the internal arousal.
Classical conditioning
A form of learning in which a subject learns an association between two stimuli.
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.
What is implicit memory?
The portion of long-term memory that deals with remembering procedures, such as driving a car or playing the trombone. It is also known as procedural memory.
What is the James-Lange theory?
Perception of physical reaction gives rise to emotion. Mind then emotion.
Hierarchy of needs
A pyramid model in which basic needs such as safety, food, and sleep must be satisfied before the person can aspire to higher-level needs, such as belonging and self-esteem.
Edward Tolman
He conducted research on latent learning. Conducted an experiment on rats to explain latent learning.
What is operant conditioning?
A type of conditioning in which the organism learns an association between voluntary behavior and its consequences.
What is the opponent-process theory?
All emotions are subject to a subsequent opposite reaction. Retinal processes make color vision possible.
Negative reinforcement
Anything that causes a behavior to increase by removing an adverse condition in response to the behavior, like taking aspirin to remove a headache.
Clark Hull
Clark Hull was an American psychologist who tried to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior.
What are the different types of reinforcements?
Positive, punishment, reward, negative
What is drive reduction theory?
Our drives such as hunger or thirst, prompt our behavior, which causes a reduction in the drive.