Unit Three Review

Enzymes

100

What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

Proteins

200

What is the name of the model used to describe how enzymes work? "____ and ____"

Lock and Key

300

True or False, enzymes can ONLY break apart molecules, not bind them together.

FALSE, enzymes can do both

400

What do enzymes do to the activation energy of a reaction?

LOWER the activation energy

500

What is the term for when an enzyme loses its shape and can no longer function?

"Denature" 

Reactions

100

___ are (at least partially) consumed in a reaction process

Reactants

200

When a reaction ABSORBS more energy than it releases, it is what type of reaction?

Endothermic

300

If the starting energy of the reactants is higher than the ending energy of the products, what type of reaction will it be?

Exothermic

400

In the following reaction, which chemicals are the PRODUCTS?

6H2O + 6CO2 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6 and 6O2. This is the chemical formula for Photosynthesis, so Sugars and Oxygen is the final product. 

500

Name two ways you can change the speed of a chemical reaction.

Changing the heat of the reaction, or changing the PH level (there may be other answers)

ATP

100

What is the function of the ATP molecule?

Storing Energy

200

When a phosphate group is broken off an ATP molecule, it ____ energy

Releases

300

A phosphate group is added to ____ to create ATP

ADP

400

Which macromolecule found in the food you eat will your cells break down FIRST to get ATP?

Carbohydrates

500

What is the full name for ATP?

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Cumulative

100

Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria

200

What organelle helps CREATE proteins?

Ribosomes (or rough ER)

300

This process occurs when the cell uses energy to bring something IN from outside the cell.

Endocytosis

400

If a cell has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis?

20

500

Name two things ONLY eukaryotes have

Possible answers: Nucleus, membrane bound organelles, multicellular structure

Cumulative Two Electric Boogaloo

100

Where do spindle fibers attach on chromosomes?

On the centromere

200

What is the term used for two homologous chromosomes?

Sister Chromatids

300

True or False, during cytokinesis, plant cells form a cleavage furrow to separate

FALSE, plant cells stack on each other like bricks and do not separate, so they do not form a furrow. Instead they form a cell plate, which acts as the new cell wall between them.

400

True or false, a hypothesis is usually phrased as a question.

FALSE, hypotheses should never be questions, they are usually phrased as If-Then statements, or predictions about an outcome of an initial question.

500

For the following example, create a hypothesis, and identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and name two possible constants you would need to keep in mind:

You want to test out a new energy drink on athletes to see if it will make them run faster, so you give one group of athletes the energy drink, while you give another group of athletes plain water. You then record the time it takes each group to run one mile. 

Hypotheses will vary, but should be phrased as if/then statements, or be predictions about what will occur. 

Independent variable is the energy drink, dependent variable is the running speed. 

Possible constants: Amount of energy drink/water given, age of athletes, gender of athletes, meals the athletes ate beforehand, daily training of athletes, weather conditions of mile run etc..