The first of the eras characterized by the working of metals by mining and smelting malachite to create a liquid that could be poured into a mold to harden.
What is the Copper Age?
100
The number of years it takes a population to increase in size 2 times.
What is doubling time?
100
Trade not only carried goods long distances but also ideas which resulted in an icrease of this.
What is collective learning?
100
The process of people miving from rural areas to cities.
What is urbanization?
100
An outcome of population growth that leads to the destruction of native habitats.
What is deforestation?
200
Any combination of metal elements to create a mixture of those elements; usually stonger than the two or more elements individually.
What is an alloy?
200
Because it was so strong and durable this was a key factor in the rise of populations once it was invented and fashioned into agricultural tools.
What is the use of iron tools?
200
This city was built by the Han chinese as their capital and was considered to be the start point for the silk road.
What is Chang'an (Xian)?
200
The social structure system which developed in India along with increased population growth and urbanization.
What is the Caste or Varna system?
200
Some people, after exposure to a disease and survival will develop this.
What is immunity?
300
The development of this metal alloy caused trade to expand as societies needed both tin and malachite, and resulted in new tools and weapons, including swords which revloutionaized fighting.
What is bronze?
300
This switch to this was one of the reasons for population growth in areas that were not very suitable to farming, such as the steppe lands.
What is nomadic pastoralism?
300
This ancient Egyptian city was named for its conquerer and at one point included a great library, a lighthouse, and was a vibrant trade center on the Mediterranean.
What is Alexandria?
300
The social class that was considered so lowly as to be "out caste".
What are the Untouchables?
300
This trading empire sailed the Mediterrean and established notable cities including Carthage, spreading new ideas such as their alphabet to other cultures?
Who are the Phoenicians?
400
It takes extremely high temperatures to smelt this ore, but tools made from it are extremely durable and the resulting plows, hoes, axes, sickles and other tools transformed the amount of land humans could cultivate.
What is iron?
400
Domesticating these allowed humans to bring more land under cultivation and increase agricultural production using that labor.
What are beasts of burden/ cows, mules, horses, oxen, water buffalo?
400
Most merchants trading on the Silk Road travelled by this method which usually involved camels.
What are caravans?
400
Possession of this beautiful usually green carved stone found in China and Mesoamerica was a symbol of status in Afroeurasia and the Americas.
What is jade?
400
When one state conquers and rules other states and ethnic groups around them, they create this.
What is an empire?
500
The order in which humans learned to work the three main types of metals after the Neloithic Era.
What is copper, bronze, and iron?
500
One consequence of urbanization was that periodically this would sweep through densly populated cities killing large numbers of people.
What are diseases/epidemics?
500
The trade routes travelled by sea captains and sailors connecting East Asia with India and Africa.
What are the Indian Ocean sea lanes?
500
Almost every agricultuaral society that developed included this lowly class of people held in servitude.
What are slaves?
500
Empires often build large networks of roads for this purpose.
What was troop movements to control their vast territories?