Types of Cancer
Carcinoma
A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA
Mutation
Term used to describe a tumor or mass that has metastasized
Malignant
the first phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells
Prophase
Cloning a gene that controls the trait.
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a tumor of melanin-forming cells, especially a malignant tumor associated with skin cancer.
melanoma
occur in gametes. These mutations are especially significant because they can be transmitted to offspring and every cell in the offspring will have the mutation.
Germline mutations
Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing
Chemotherapy
a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
Locating an organism with a specific trait and extracting its DNA.
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a general term for cancers that start in the lymph system (the tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections).
Lymphoma
occur in other cells of the body. These mutations may have little effect on the organism because they are confined to just one cell and its daughter cells. cannot be passed on to offspring !!
Somatic mutations
a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent. The new individuals produced are genetically and physically identical to each other
Asexual Reproduction
the second phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.
Prometaphase
Designing a gene to express in a specific way.
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a broad term for cancers of the blood cells. occurs most often in adults older than 55, but it is also the most common cancer in children younger than 15.
Leukemia
mutations that change chromosome structure. They occur when a section of a chromosome breaks off and rejoins incorrectly or does not rejoin at all.
Chromosomal alterations
When a proto-oncogene is changed so that too many copies are made or it becomes more active than normal, it is called an
Oncogene
mitotic spindle is fully developed, centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell. chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate.
Metaphase
Cross the transgene into an elite background.
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forms in the tissues that connect, support and surround other body structures.
Sarcoma
a change in a single nucleotide in DNA. This type of mutation is usually less serious than a chromosomal alteration.
Point Mutation
a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.
cell cycle
the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.
Anaphase
Transformation, inserting the gene into the cells of a crop plant.
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