Constitutional Principles
This principle divides power between national and state governments.
What is federalism?
This branch has the power to control the federal budget (“power of the purse”)
What is the Legislative Branch?
This case established judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This document established a weak national government with no executive or judicial branch.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
A public school bans all student protests, even peaceful ones during lunch.
What is Not constitutional? (violates First Amendment free speech)
This principle is reflected in the idea that the people elect representatives.
What is Popular sovereignty?
This branch has the power to settle disputes between states.
What is the Judicial Branch?
This case declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This Enlightenment idea, reflected in the Declaration of Independence, argues that government derives power from the people.
What is popular sovereignty?
Police search a student’s backpack with no suspicion or cause.
What is, Generally not constitutional? (violates Fourth Amendment—though schools have slightly lower standards, still requires reasonable suspicion)
The president enforces a law, Congress writes it, and the courts interpret its meaning in a legal dispute.
What is separation of powers?
This branch issues an executive order directing federal agencies to enforce immigration policy more strictly.
What is the Executive Branch?
In this case, the Court ruled that students do not “shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.”
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
This compromise at the Constitutional Convention created a bicameral legislature.
What is The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)?
A state requires all voters to pass a literacy test before voting.
What is Not constitutional? (violates 24th Amendment and Voting Rights protections)
Congress overrides a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote in both chambers.
What is checks and balances?
This branch's authority is broad in scope, yet progress can stall because it's inherent structure can lead to disagreements and heated debates.
What is the legislative branch?
This case established the rights of criminal defendants to an attorney.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
These essays, written in part by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, argued in favor of ratifying the Constitution.
What are the Federalist Papers?
A governor refuses to enforce a federal law they disagree with.
What is, not constitutional? (violates Supremacy Clause)
The Tenth Amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people. These are known as these types of powers.
What are Reserved Powers?
This branch has the power to appoint federal judges
What is the Executive Branch?
This case limited police by requiring they inform suspects of their rights.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
This event exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and pushed leaders toward creating a stronger national government.
What is Shays' Rebellion?
A public school requires students to obtain a permit before organizing a protest on school grounds.
What is Constitutional? (Schools can place reasonable time and place on speech)