Native Americans/Spanish
What is one difference between Eastern Natives and Western Natives?
Eastern natives-
-Farmed, hunted, and fished.
-Diverse – each group had a different language and government.
-Often fought with each other –eventually formed loose alliances to keep peace.
Western natives-
-Hopi/Zuni natives were great builders – built large dwellings in canyons, build dams.
-Pueblo Bonito – 5 stories high and 600 rooms – no dwelling of similar size existed until the 1880s.
-Went south and perfected desert farming.
The French were allies with whom?
Huron Indians
What cash crop was introduced by John Rolfe in Jamestown?
Tobacco
What was the first permanent English (British) settlement in the New World?
Virginia, after Queen Elizabeth
Who coined the term "New World?"
Amerigo Vespucci
What was the Pueblo Revolt and what was the outcome?
Spaniards mistreated the Natives in the area – forced them to work and converted them to Christianity by force.
Eventually, the Natives united and pushed out the Spanish.
However, the unity didn’t last long and Spain took it back in 1692.
-End result: Spanish rule was more tolerant towards Native religions and they made fewer demands of Native labor.
Who was Jacques Cartier? What is he known for?
Frenchman who looked for a Northwest
Passage to India – didn’t find that, but did end up laying claim to much of the eastern half of Canada
What is the name of the place indicated by the red dot?
Jamestown
What were the Dower rights? Explain.
Dower rights – If husband died before her, she would get 1/3 of his property.
However, when she died, it’d go to her son/her husband’s closest male relation.
What was "Starving Time?"
Starving Time at Jamestown – Winter 1609-1610.
Ate cats, dogs, horses, rats, and snakes to survive.
Burned down many buildings for warmth.
By the end, only 60 people (10% of population) survived.
What was the first permanent settlement in the modern-day U.S. borders?
St. Augustine, Florida
What was largely traded by the French in Canada?
Fur, specifically beaver fur
Why was Jamestown a difficult location to settle? Give two answers!
Answers will vary...
1.) Mosquitos
2.) Starvation
3.) Difficult soil
Who is Virginia named after?
Queen Elizabeth
What English explorer landed off the coast of present day North Carolina and named the colony Roanoke?
Sir Walter Raleigh
What was the repartimiento system?
Gave Natives freedom and the ability to own land and earn wages.
Give two reasons France did not encourage settlement in New France:
-French protestants were unwelcome to keep New France Catholic.
-Unfavorable reports of New France surfaced – said it was an “icebox,” full of dangerous Natives, and a dumping ground for criminals.
-If a lot of French came, French fur traders wouldn’t keep a good relationship with Natives.
-If France sent many citizens to New France, the population would drop and it wouldn’t be a great world power anymore.
What were the three things that happened in 1619 that allowed Jamestown to progress?
1. John Rolfe discovered a way to grow profitable tobacco.
2. Tobacco Brides – 90 women were brought to the New World to be wives of settlers.
-Impact: Started families in Jamestown, which led to more people being willing to settle there.
3. House of Burgesses
What was the result of the second Algonquin attack in 1644?
Need full answer to get full credit!
The Algonquian attacked again in 1644, killing 500 colonists.
It was put down and the colonists no longer felt safe with the Algonquian close by.
Natives were required to move to reservations further inland.
Impact: Beginning of Native reservations in America.
Impact: Opened more land up for Jamestown.
Choose one of the levels of Spanish hierarchy in the New World. What is it and where was it in the hierarchy?
Peninsulares -highest rank, consisted of those born in Spain
Creoles-next highest, born of Spanish parents in the Americas, most were land owners
Meztizos-next level, born of Spanish and Indian parents
Mulattos-roughly equal to Meztizos, born of Spanish and African parents
Native Americans and African slaves-lowest level of society
Why did Pope Paul III outlaw slavery of Natives in New Spain?
Pope Paul III outlawed enslavement of Natives to encourage their conversion to Christianity.
Quebec
Montreal
. Give two motivations for the British to settle America:
Riches
Wanting to gain power
Colonization
What two places did England settle in the new world?
Virginia
Plymouth
What was developed in response to the uprising of 1644?
Native Reservations