Units 1-4 Review

Unit 1: Experimental Design + Labratory

100

Round 1.002 + 1002 to the correct number of significant figures

1003

200

What is the definition of matter? What are its building blocks?

Anything that has mass and occupies space. Atoms.

300

Define chemical change and give an example

• New substances are formed with different properties than the original ones.
• The process often involves a release or absorption of energy (heat, light, etc.).
• The change is often irreversible or difficult to reverse through simple physical processes.
• burning of wood, rusting of iron, baking a cake, cooking an egg, digestion of food, baking soda and vinegar reaction, photosynthesis, fireworks

400

If the theoretical yield is 105 and the experimental yield is 100, what is the percent error?

4.76%

500

HCl, Fe₂O₃ , H₂SO₄ , NaCl. Which is a type I binary ionic compound, which is a type II, which is a binary acid, and which is an oxyacid?

Type I: NaCl

Type II: Fe₂O₃ 

Binary: HCl

Oxy: H₂SO₄

Unit 2: Properties of Matter

100

What is the heat that is felt by the human senses?

sensory heat

200

What is it called when a process changes directly from solid to gas?

sublimation

300

Convert 2 miles/hour to kilometers/day (there are 1.6 kilometers in 1 mile)

77.24 kilometers/day

400

A balloon has a volume of 4.0 L at a temperature of 300 K. If the temperature is increased to 400 K, what will the new volume be, assuming the pressure remains constant?

5.3 L

500

A sample of gas has a volume of 10.0 L at a pressure of 2.0 atm and a temperature of 45 degrees C. How many moles of gas are in the sample? (Use the ideal gas constant R=0.0821 L⋅atm/mol⋅K)

0.812 mol

Unit 3: The Periodic Table

100

How many electrons does hydrogen need to have a full energy level? 

2

200

In the Bohr model for Carbon, how many valence electrons are there? Does it have a complete octet?

4. No

300

What is the Nobel Gas shorthand electron configuration for iodine?

[Kr]4s23d104p5

400

What is the name of group 2 in the periodic table? what are its properties?

Alkaline Earth Metals. Highly reactive. Lustrous. Good conductors. Low melting and boiling points. 

500

What is the trend in atomic radius from top to bottom and left to right across the periodic table?

Atomic radius increases as you move down a group (column) of the periodic table. Atomic radius decreases as you move from left to right across a period (row) of the periodic table.

• As you go down a group, each successive element has an additional electron shell (energy level), which increases the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.
• Despite the increase in the number of protons (and nuclear charge), the effect of the additional electron shells causes the outer electrons to be farther from the nucleus, resulting in a larger atomic radius.
• As you move across a period, the number of protons (nuclear charge) increases, but the number of electron shells remains the same.
• The increasing positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, which results in a smaller atomic radius.
• Although the number of electrons increases, they are added to the same energy level, so they do not shield each other as effectively from the nuclear charge, leading to a greater attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.

Unit 4: Bonding

100

What are the two key differences between an ionic and a covalent bond?

Ionic bonds transfer electrons, covalent share electrons. Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals, covalent bonds are formed to between two nonmetals

200

What rule are covalent bonds trying to adhere to?

The octet rule

300

What are the two reasons that a molecule may be polar?

The have a net dipole moment due EITHER to an asymmetric shape or electronegativity difference between atoms

400

Which has a single, which has a double, and which has a triple bond: O₂ , H₂ , N₂ ?

Single: H₂

Double: O₂

Triple: N₂

500

What is the shape and geometry of SiH₄?

Both shape and geometry are tetrahedral 

Misc

100

What is an unbonded set of electrons called?

A lone pair

200

Which are stronger: ionic bonds or covalent bonds?

Covalent bonds

300

Name the 5 geometries that molecules may have 

linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, octahedral

400

Which groups on the periodic table are reactive

Group 1 (Alkali Metals), Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals), Group 17 (Halogens)

500

Name three instances in which an ionic bond is favored

1. metals have low ionization energy

2. other element has high electron affinity

3. the resulting compound has lattice energy