Unit 1
Name and describe the 2 types of genetic disorders
Hereditary: mutation in the DNA and can be passed from parent to children
Acquired: mutations within someone's life and not passed down to children
Differentiate positive pressure rooms vs negative pressure rooms
P: forces air out and prevents infection from entering. immunocompromised patients
N: traps and maintains harmful particles in room. infectious disease patients
Name 3 of the 6 causes of inflammation
chemical agent
trauma
foreign substances
physical agents
pathogenic organisms
allergies
Presents only with skin involvement: with butterfly rash over nose and cheeks
Discoid lupus
Spread by direct contact, fever/chills present and infection includes cellulitis
Staph
Name and describe the 3 infection control precautions (required PPE)
Contact: direct or indirect contact, spread by touching patient or items: gloves, gown
Droplet: spread by droplets, need 3 foot distance: gloves, gown, mask, goggles/face shield
Airborne: air from one person to another: gloves, gown, N95, face shield/goggles
Level of oxygen required for nasal cannula, oxygen mask and mask with non breather
nasal cannula: 1-6 L/min
oxygen mask: 6-10 L/min at 40-60%
mask with non breather: 6-10 L/min at 100%
Name and briefly describe 3 phases of wound healing
Inflammatory: vascular and cellular response: red, hot, painful, edema: protect wound and clean, moist environment
Proliferation: granulation: beefy, red. contraction of wound edges and epithelization
Maturation: decreased vascular and fibroblast activity: tissue remodeling, scar formation
Presents with butterfly rash, arthritis particularly in small joints and fatigue/muscles aches
systemic lupus
Transmitted through respiratory droplets, requires antibiotics to treat
fever, swollen lymph nodes, weakness
Strep
Name 2 special implications of corticosteriods
monitor glucose levels if at risk or have diabetes
be aware medication can mask infection
strength training can maintain muscle mass
can cause increased BP
Catheter inserted into right side of heart leading to pulmonary arteries to assess heart functions
Swan-Ganz catheter
Name the 4 stages of bone and fracture healing
Hematoma, soft callus formation, ossification, consolidation and remodeling
2 rehab implications for lupus
treat joint pain and deformity, educate on skin care, some modalities contraindicated: heat, practice infection control
Opportunistic pathogen: common in hospitals and nursing homes: found on moist surfaces and resistance to antibiotics
pseudomonas
Differentiate S&S of respiratory acidosis vs alkalosis
Acidosis: restlessness, confusion, headaches, SOB, tachycardia, arrhythmias
Alkalosis: deep, rapid breathing, dizziness, lightheadedness, inability to concentrate, tingling and numbness in extremities
Purpose of PICC line
used for longer than 2 weeks: one tube to sample blood and one tube to administer chemotherapy, antibiotics or parenteral nutrition
Describe the timeline of tendon healing
5-28 days
4-8 weeks
8 weeks
12 weeks with no complications
controlled PROM
AROM in gravity eliminated positions
resistance training
full force muscle contraction
Research indicates caused by neurotransmitter and hormone dysfunction. Decreased sleep leading to decreased growth hormone and increased pain in daytime
fibromyalgia
Transmission of shingles
Active shingles can cause chickenpox in non vaccinated
Spread through direct contact with fluid from blisters AND via respiratory droplets
Not contagious before blisters or once scabs
Weak, rapid pulse, profuse sweating, muscle cramps
vs
hypotension, dry skin, altered mental status
heat exhaustion vs heat stroke
Inserted in artery to monitor BP. restricted hip flexion if entered in femoral artery
Arterial line
3 treatments for fibromyalgia
exercise (aquatic gold standard)
pt ed, modalities, stress reduction, scheduled meal times, eliminate caffeine and nicotine, meds and counseling
2 major rehab implications of Lyme's disease
ROM and strengthening for arthritis without overexertion
monitor for neurological symptoms