Renaissance and Humanism
This was the central belief of Renaissance humanists such as Petrarch regarding education
Studying classical literature, history, rhetoric and moral philosophy improves individuals and society.
This was Martin Luther's belief about the sale of indulgences.
What is the belief that they were corrupt and forgiveness could not be purchased
This was Louis XIV's belief about the relationship between the monarch and the state
What is the belief that the monarch embodied the state and should hold centralized authority
This was Thomas Hobbes's argument about human nature and political authority
What is the belief that strong government was necessary to control human selfishness and prevent chaos.
This was the Third Estate's main grievance leading up to the French Revolution.
What is the belief that the Third Estate was unfairly represented despite being the majority of the population.
This was Machiavelli's core argument about how rulers should maintain political stability
This was Luther's view on how individuals achieve salvation.
What is the belief that salvation comes through faith alone, not good works.
This was Parliament's core argument during the English Civil War regarding taxation and royal authority.
What is the king should not levy taxes or govern without Parliament's consent.
This was the common belief about how scientific truth should be determined.
What is the belief that scientific truth should be determined through observation and experimentation.
This was the National Assembly's belief about where sovereignty resided.
What is the belief that it belonged to the nation, rather than the monarch.
This was a common Northern Renaissance/Erasmus's belief about how the Catholic Church should be reformed
What is the Church should be reformed through education, morality and inner piety rather than breaking from it.
This was John Calvin's belief about God's control over human salvation.
What is the concept of predestination, meaning that God decides and humans cannot earn it.
This was the Dutch Republic's governing principle that distinguished it from absolutists monarchies in Europe.
What is the decentralization of power shared among provinces and representatives.
This was Montesquieu's belief about how liberty could be preserved in government.
This was Robespierre's justification for the use of terror during the revolution.
What is the thought that terror and violence would end counter-revolutionaries.
This was Castiglione's ideal for how elites should behave in political in social life, in what was known as civic-humanism.
What is the idea that elites should be well rounded, educated and capable of serving the state
This was the Catholic Church's position on authority in response to Protestant challenges.
What is the belief that Church authority rested in scripture and tradition, while correcting clerical abuses.
This was Peter the Great's belief about how Russia should modernize and strengthen the state.
What is westernization?
This was John Locke's argument about the purpose of government.
What is the belief that governments exist to protect natural rights and are based on the consent of the governed.
This was the Jacobins' belief about the role of the king in a republic.
This was the argument that Renaissance thinkers made about the value of studying classical antiquity.
What is the idea that the Classical Era offered superior models for art, politics, and ethics compared to medieval traditions?
This was the political-religious principle supported by German princes after 1555.
This was the belief of absolute rulers' use of armies and bureaucracies.
What is that they would help with strong centralization of state power.
This was the social and cultural message conveyed by Rococo art in the 18th century.
What is art should emphasize pleasure, elegance, leisure and aristocratic refinement rather than religious or monarchial authority.
This is how Napoleon viewed law and governance, as reflected in the Napoleonic Code
What is laws should be uniform and give people rights, while protecting male authority