Units 1
What is a noun?
What is a pronoun?
What is an imperative sentence?
- a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things ( common noun )
- a word that can function as a noun phrase used by itself and that refers either to the participants in the discourse (e.g. I, you ) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g. she, it, this )
- Imperative sentences are used to issue a command or instruction, make a request, or offer advice. Basically, they tell people what to do
Past Progressive (Continuous):
I _____ ________ TV last night. (watch)
We ______ ________ when you called us. (eat)
- was watching
- were eating
Infinitives of purpose:
What is an infinitive?
I want ___ ___ on holiday after the PYP has finished.
- A base form verb and explain why we do something (infinitive of purpose)
- to go
Comparatives:
Use a _______ _______ to compare two _____ with a __ verb.
- Use a comparative adjective to compare two nouns with a be verb.
Sentence clauses:
What is an independent clause?
What is a dependent clause?
E.g. An independent clause is a complete grammatically correct sentence.
E.g. A dependent clause is an incomplete sentence that requires an independent clause to be a complete sentence.
What is a modal verb?
What is a base verb?
- an auxiliary verb that expresses necessity or possibility e.g. must, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, and might.
- The base form (or root) of a verb is the form listed in the dictionary. It is the version of the verb without any endings (endings such as -s, -ing, and ed). The base form is the same as the infinitive (e.g., to walk, to paint, to think) but without the to.
Modals of advice:
You ______ study more to get better grades.
We ______ ___ listen more closely to the teacher.
- should
- ought to
Simple past:
I _______ home from work yesterday. (walk)
She _____ at school. (be)
Tom ____ shwarmas for dinner. (eat)
- walked
- was
- ate
Superlatives:
He's ___ _____ speaker in the class.
Jeff Bezos has ____ _____ money.
- the best
- the most
Future time clauses:
I _____ go home _____ I finish the test.
_____ I am studying English, I _____ try my best.
- will / when
- While / will
Ability in the present:
I ___ speak English.
I am ____ __ speak English
- can
- able to
Irregular verbs:
Base Form Past Tense Form Past Participle
know _________ _______
Past Tense Form Past Participle
- knew known
Infinitives of purpose:
Answer using an infinitive of purpose clause
Why do you exercise?
- E.g. I exercise to get stronger.
I exercise in order to be fit.
Comparative adverbs:
I run ___ ________ ____ my brother. (quick)
Sara walks ____ ________ _____ Bill. (less / slow)
- as quickly as
- less slowly than
Time words in future:
I won’t go home ________ the test is finished.
I will eat the pizza ________ the pizza delivery man arrives.
_______ I wake up, I will eat breakfast.
- until / until after
- after/ as soon as
- As soon as / After
Reflexive pronouns:
Zainab motivates ______. She doesn’t need help or inspiration from anyone else.
Most of the students in the class like to work alone. They don’t want to help ___ ____.
- herself
- each other
Strong advice:
You ___ ______ ____ smoke cigarettes, it is bad for your health.
He ____ ______ leave now other he will miss his flight!
- had better not
- had better
Present perfect:
Humans _________ _______ Mars yet. (visit)
I _____ ______ to Dubai 3 times. (be)
She _____ ______ in Al-Hasa _____ she was 10. (live ) (Hint: preposition of time)
- haven't / have not visited
- have been
- has lived / since
Comparative adjectives:
Ibrahim is ____ and Abdullah is ______ but Nawaf is _______. (tall)
- tall, taller, tallest
Questions:
Rearrange the clauses in these two questions
What are you going to do after you graduate?
When you are on vacation, where will you go?
- After you graduate, what are you going to do?
- Where will you go when you are on vacation?
Ability in the Past:
She ________ speak Chinese when she was in high school.
She _______ ________ ___ speak Chinese when she was in high school.
- couldn't / could not
- wasn't / was not able to
Ask 3 modal of advice questions
- Should + subject + base?
- Wh + should + subject + base?
What are the 3 uses of the present perfect?
Give an example.
1) Use the present perfect to talk about something that we have (or haven’t) done in the past.
Humans have walked on the moon.
2) Use the present perfect to talk about something that has been done more than one time.
They have seen the movie many times.
3) Use the present perfect to talk about something that started in the past and has continued until now---and will probably continue in the future.
She has lived in Al-Hasa since she was a child.
Irregular comparatives:
I drive _____ _____ my brother. (fast)
Kim sings ______ ______ Latifa. (good)
The final exam will be ______ ______ the midterm. (hard)
- faster than
- better than
- harder than
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