Early Republic
What precedent did George Washington set by stepping down after two terms?
Peaceful transfer of power and a two-term tradition
Which group gained the right to vote during the Jackson era?
More white men (expanded suffrage to white male non-landowners)
What belief justified westward expansion?
Manifest Destiny
What issue divided the North and South the most?
Slavery
Who was the President of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
What warning did Washington give in his Farewell Address?
Avoid political parties or foreign alliances
What was the spoils system?
Giving government jobs to supporters
Name one reform movement from this era.
Temperance, abolition, women's rights, education reform, prison reform
What did the Missouri Compromise attempt to do?
Balance free and slave states
What was the main goal of Reconstruction?
Rebuild the South and integrate formerly enslaved people
Which law limited free speech and targeted immigrants under John Adams?
The Alien & Sedition Acts of 1798
Which policy forced Native Americans off their land?
The Indian Removal Act of 1830
What event led to the United States gaining land in the Southwest?
The Mexican-American War (1846-48)
What law required escaped enslaved people to be returned?
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
What did the 13th Amendment do?
Ended slavery, making it illegal in the United States
What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?
Doubled the size of the United States and expanded its territory westward
What Supreme Court case did Jackson ignore?
Worcester v. Georgia
What was one major consequence of westward expansion?
Conflict with Native Americans, technological and transportation innovation, settlement of western territories, increased sectionalism, increased debate over slavery
What did the Dred Scott decision rule?
Enslaved people were considered property, not citizens, and Congress could not constitutionally ban slavery in the territories
What organization used violence to resist Reconstruction?
The Ku Klux Klan
How did the War of 1812 increase American nationalism?
Boosted pride and independence despite mixed results
How did Jackson's presidency change the role of the President?
Increased executive power and provided more direct democracy for some groups
How did reform movements reflect democratic ideals?
Expanded rights and pushed for equality
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) increase sectional conflict?
Popular sovereignty led to violence ("Bleeding Kansas")
Why was Reconstruction considered a failure by many historians?
Rights were limited through Jim Crow laws, violence, and lack of enforcement