Page 1
1) Which best describes the physiology of bones? Explain how you know your answer is correct
D) Flat bones, such as the rib cage, protect organs.
Explanation: physiology = function / job
5 a) Describe the anatomy and physiology of yellow bone marrow
Anatomy: made of fat cells
Physiology: Absorb force on bones from walking / movement
9) What is an example of physiology of the skeletal system?
Explain how you know your answer is correct
D) Saddle joints are responsible for movement of fingers.
Explanation: physiology = job / function
16) What is an example of a major muscle in your head?
A) Masseter (aka jaw muscle)
2) What is the best description of anatomy of the axial skeleton?
Explain how you know your answer is correct
A) It's made of ribs, skull, spine, and breastbone
Explanation: anatomy = location / structure
5 b) Describe the anatomy and physiology of red blood cells
Anatomy: Made up of red blood cells
Physiology: Makes 98% of red blood cells (which provide oxygen)
10) What is an antagonistic pair?
Antagonistic pairs are muscles that do opposite movements. Example: Biceps and triceps
13) Explain the anatomy and physiology of cardiac muscle.
Anatomy: Located in the heart. Branching fibers connected by disks. (Have myocytes and nuclei with DNA)
Physiology: Pumping blood that carries oxygen and nutrients
3) What is the best example of an appendage?
C) Arms and legs
6) Explain how either osteoporosis or rickets negatively affect your bones.
Rickets: weakens bones, gives bow legs, leads to difficulty moving
Osteoporosis: weakens bones, makes them more fragile / likely to break
(Bonus: Scoliosis - curved spine)
11) Which of the following statements best describes the insert of a muscle?
B) The muscle that is attached to the part of the bone that moves
14) Explain the anatomy and physiology of skeletal muscle.
Anatomy: similar texture to chicken or steak. Fibers are thread-like. Contain many nuclei with DNA. Tightly packed and striated (with streaks)
Physiology: Responsible for voluntary movement like walking and jumping. Very strong.
4) What is the best description of the physiology of the pectoral girdle bones?
A) They allow for movement of the arms
8) Which type of joint is responsible for moving your wrists and ankles?
C) Gliding (aka plane) joints
12) Which of the following statements best describes the origin of a muscle?
A) The muscle that is attached to the part of the bone that does not move
15) Explain the anatomy and physiology of smooth muscle.
Anatomy: Thick in the middle; form sheets of muscle. Found in the stomach, intestines, and bladder.
Physiology: Responsible for involuntary movement. Contract (squeeze) longer than other muscles. Help you digest food - most notable contractions = during childbirth.
7) Explain the anatomy and physiology of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Osteoblasts Anatomy: located inside bone marrow and cube shaped
Osteoblasts Physiology: build new bone
Osteoclasts Anatomy: also located inside bone marrow and round shaped
Osteoclasts Physiology: dissolve compact bone / hard matrix. (Aka get rid of old bone tissue).