unit 4
Nation State
1st Agricultural Revolution
The increase in the percentage of people living in urban settlements, usually from rural areas
Urbanization
Clumping together of similar industries for mutual advantages
Agglomeration
Border between states that is established before a population inhabits it
Antecedent Boundary
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, specifically high-yield seeds and fertilizers, in the 1960s-70s
Green revolution
The downtown, high-density area where retail, office, and cultural activities are concentrated
Central Business District
Social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce, and manufacturing resulting from technological innovation and specialization
Industrial Revolution
Border between states that is established after populations inhabit them
Subsequent Boundary
Coincided with the Industrial Revolution; brought mechanized farming and increased yields
2nd Agricultural Revolution
The movement of population and economic activity away from central cities to smaller residential areas
Suburbanization
An industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories
Cottage industry
Nation without an official territory. Often refugees.
Stateless Nation
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world
Columbian exchange
The uncontrolled, low-density expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land
Urban Sprawl
The part of the economy that draws raw materials from the natural environment
Primary Sector
The ability to stand alone politically & economically
Sovereignty
Farming for survival; producing food primarily for the family or local consumption.
Subsistence Agriculture
The process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area
Gentrification
Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services
Quarternary Sector