Unit 4
This term describes a physical geographic feature that constricts or limits movement between two places.
Chokepoint
This is the type of agriculture where farmers are mainly growing crops for their families or a small village.
Subsistence Farming
Using a countries largest city as a comparison, this concept says the 2nd largest city should be about 1/2 the size of the largest city, the 3rd largest city is about 1/3 the size, etc.
Rank-Size Rule
Gross National Product (GNP)
Unit 5- This period of history is characterized by the domestication of plants and animals and humans settling into one place.
First Agricultural (Neolithic) Revolution
Gerrymandering
This period of agricultural history is characterized by the development of genetically modified organisms (GMO's) and the increase in chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield and decrease world hunger.
Green Revolution
Renewing or rebuilding lower economic class neighborhoods to suit the housing needs of more wealthy prospective residents.
Gentrification
This practice helps meet current economic or urban needs while also preserving resources for future generations.
Sustainable development.
Unit 4- This is when a country redraws the boundaries of another country without regard to existing cultural, social, or political boundaries.
Superimposed boundaries.
This UN agreement defined the conditions of what rights a state has to maritime boundaries beyond their shoreline.
United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS)
This type of agricultural settlement is characterized by homes being densely packed together with the farm fields completely surrounding the homes.
Clustered settlement
The idea that land prices increase as one gets closer to the city, which helps determine the optimal location for housing or businesses.
Bid-Rent Theory
This five-stage theory proposes that countries can move from lower levels of economic activities (agriculture, mining, etc.) to industrial economic activities, and finally to being mass consumers of goods and services.
Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth
Unit 7-This measures the quality of life for all members of a given country based on criteria such as literacy, education levels, income, and overall quality of life.
Human Development Index (HDI)
A group of three or more states who agree to certain shared economic, social, political, or environmental objectives.
Supranational Organizations
This describes how a business would increase profitability through the increased volume of the production of a good or service.
Economies of Scale
This world economic systems theory describes the relationship between countries producing raw materials, industrialized countries, and consumer countries.
Wallerstein's Core-Periphery Model
This states that periphery countries are almost completely reliant on the decisions of core countries for their economic well-being.
Dependency Theory
Unit 5- This settlement pattern is characterized by all farming properties being connected to one main road, river, or railroad for the purposes of being able ship their crops to a market.
Linear Settlements
This boundary (that extends from 12 to 200 miles from a states coastline) give a state complete control over all resources above and below the oceans surface.
Exclusive Economic Zone
This explains the spatial organization of agricultural activities around a central market and determines the location of certain crops based on profitability and transportation costs.
von Thunen Model
This model proposes that larger urban areas will attract more people than small urban areas and helps describe the movement of people from one urban area to another.
Gravity Model
This helps determine the location of a business or industry based on the location and weight of resources and the location of the businesses market.
Weber's Least Cost Theory
Unit 4-The process of a central government transferring power to regional or local governments within their own state/country.
Devolution