Show:
DNA & RNA
Protein Synthesis
Darwin & Other Types of Selection
Evidence for Evolution & Earth's History
General
100

How would you describe the shape of DNA? RNA?

DNA = double helix

RNA = single helix

100

Where does transcription occur in the cell? Translation?

transcription = nucleus

translation = ribosomes

100

What is the difference between a variation and an adaptation?

variations = differences within a population that do NOT affect fitness

adaptations = variations that all members have inherited because they improve fitness

100

What is the name for the timeline of Earth's history?

geologic time scale

100

Define fitness as it relates to biology.

the ability for an organism to survive and reproduce

200

Name ONE of the scientists responsible for the discovery of the structure of DNA?

Watson

Crick

Franklin

200

What is made during transcription? Translation?

transcription = mRNA

translation = protein

200

During the process of natural selection, what force is doing the "selecting"?

the environment

200

What is the fossil record and how has it acted as evidence for the theory of evolution?

The fossil record is the collection of preserved remains from once living organisms. Looking at fossils is like looking at the history of life. Fossils provide info about extinct species and show physical similarities/difference in organisms throughout time.
200

Darwin defined evolution as a change in ___ over long periods of time.

populations

300

What is the name of the sugar found in DNA? RNA?

DNA = deoxyribose

RNA = ribose

300

codon is to mRNA as ___ is to tRNA

anticodon

300

During the process of artificial selection, what force is doing the "selecting"?

humans

300

What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

homologous = same structure, different function

analogous = different structure, same function

300
Provide a definition AND an example for "vestigial structures".

definition = structures inherited from ancestors but have lost much/all of their original function

examples: tailbone, appendix, hip bones in snakes and whales, flightless birds, etc.

400

The "NA" in DNA and RNA stands for "nucleic acid". What is the monomer (also known as puzzle piece or subunit) for nucleic acids?

nucleotides

400

If a DNA sequences reads GCA, what is the mRNA sequence? AND what is the name of the enzyme that adds the bases on mRNA?

mRNA = CGU

enzyme = RNA polymerase

400
During the process of sexual selection, what force is doing the "selecting"?

the organisms

400

What is the most important feature of the physical environment?

climate

400

What type of bonds hold together the two strands in a DNA molecule?

hydrogen bonds

500

What two enzymes were discussed in class that are needed for DNA replication?

helicase, DNA polymerase

500

If a codon reads AGU, what would the anticodon read? What is the 3 letter sequence for the START codon?

anticodon = UCA

start codon = AUG

500

Provide an example of natural, artificial, or sexual selection from a book or movie.

Answers will vary.

500

Provide an example of biochemical evidence that supports the theory of evolution.

Answers will vary. Examples include that organisms use the same codons and amino acids for life. They also have many of the same functional molecules (ex: hemoglobin).

500

Provide a definition for the term "species". What percentage of all species that have lived on Earth have gone extinct?

species = group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

99% of all of Earth's species have gone extinct