Physics is the complex study of matter, time, energy, ____________, and space
force
orthopedic drill uses circular motion to cut a hole in bone. This is an example of what type of energy?
kinetic energy
coupling is a specific burn hazard of monopolar endoscopic surgery when current passes inadvertently through instrument insulation and adjacent conductive material into tissue.
Capacitive
grounding pad that is applied to the patient to carry electrical current flow from the patient back to the power unit
dispersive
characteristic prevents the spread of heat (and damage) outside the target tissue
Selective absorption
the direction of the flow, changes back and forth within the circuit. The interval between directional changes is called a cycle.
AC
During surgery the perioperative team must suspect a problem if the surgeon repeatedly requests ___of the ESU
increases in power
When the path of electricity is interrupted by a less-conductive medium, this is called
impedance
complete destruction of tissue
Ablation
Stored in sealed packages to keep the gel moist
patient return electrode
lens is thinner at the middle than at the edges and causes the light to diverge or spread.
concave
In coagulation mode, the ___in cutting mode.
voltage is lower than
The two most common injuries associated with unintentional laser exposure are
eye injury and tissue burn
as, liquid, or solid through which light energy is passed to create a laser beam, contained within the optical resonant chamber, is known as
the laser medium
endoscopic procedures require long, thin electrodes that can be inserted through a cannula
Active electrode
the point of greatest disturbance or height of an individual wave. This is measured in meters from top of the crest to the point rest.
amplitude
energy is created when electricity is transformed into mechanical energy to high-frequency vibration and friction.
Ultrasonic
In laser surgery a method of intermittent application of the laser light on the target tissue is called
pulsed wave
series of mirrors that reflects photons or free electrons within the optical resonant chamber and causes emission of more photons and the creation of laser energy
amplification
Do not place in a position that might cause the return current to cross other bioelectrical devices such as a pacemaker.
Patient Return Electrode
Many devices used in surgery derive their energy from
electromagnetic radiation
The PRE must be placed close to the surgical site over
large muscle mass
a characteristic of laser light in which the frequency of each wave is the same.
Monochromatic
destruction of cataracts using ultrasound technology
phacoemulsification
Current must exit the body to complete the electrical circuit.
Patient Return Electrode