Module 1
The theory that explains the universe started from a hot, dense point and expanded.
Big Bang Theory
The hypothesis that the Solar System formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust.
Nebular Hypothesis
The law that states inclusions are older than the rock containing them.
Law of Inclusions
A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.
Earthquake
The discovery of galaxies moving away from each other, proving the universe expands.
Redshift
The planet known as the “Red Planet.”
Mars
The dating method that uses radioactive isotopes.
Radiometric Dating
The year when Mount Pinatubo erupted catastrophically, considered one of the largest eruptions of the 20th century.
1991
The theory suggesting the universe has no beginning and no end, constantly creating matter.
Steady State Theory
The principle stating that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest is at the bottom.
Law of Superposition
Fossils that show the activity of organisms like footprints or burrows.
Trace Fossils
The branch of Earth science that studies earthquakes and the propagation of seismic waves.
Seismology
The scientist who discovered the redshift of galaxies.
Edwin Hubble
The process of determining the order of events without exact age.
Relative Dating
The process of fossilization where minerals replace hard parts of organisms.
Permineralization (Petrification)
A scientist who studies the origin, occurrence, and effects of earthquakes.
Seismologist
The cosmic radiation left over from the Big Bang.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
The dating method that provides actual age in years.
Absolute Dating
The era known as the “Age of Reptiles.”
Mesozoic Era
The atmospheric layer where commercial airplanes usually fly because of its stable weather conditions.
Stratosphere