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Policies in Collective Action
Unemployment in Argentina
Mobilization & Response
Walton
Creating Collective Action
100
(1) the features of the policy design that encouraged collective action and (2) state responses to policy demands.
What are the two elements of the policy centered approach?
100
Argentina's National Workfare program
What is Argentina's Plan Trabajar?
100
creates political activism
What is What does participation in protest create within an individual?(307)
100
Mobilization arising in the sphere of income and employment representing the interests of workers.
What is labor action (462)
100
"low supply of benefits relative to demand, as workfare benefits initially reached only 8 percent of the unemployed,encouraged groups of unemployed workers to engage in demand making and/or protest, and popular associations could administer program benefits by setting up community projects in which the unemployed fulfilled their workfare obligations."
What are the 3 features of the programs design that encouraged collective action? (pg 306)
200
"entails identifying the programmatic designs that encourage collective action and the process and mechanisms by which collective action takes shape and evolves over time in relation to policy decisions."
What is the policy centered approach. (pg 306)
200
(1) the program design and (2) state responses to unemployed demand making.
What policy factors lead to the evolution of collective action?
200
managed to retain the loyalty of that constituency during market adjustment while simultaneously forestalling discontent and antireform mobilizations
Who is Argentine President Carlos Menem (1989–1999) of the PJ
200
implemented through a dense network of policy and legislation, and Public investment in health, education, architecture, infrastructure and enterprise went disproportionately to the big cities alongside state and corporate headquarters.
What is Urban Bias? (pg 466)
200
provides groups with selective incentives that help overcome barriers to collective action.
What is Associative administration
300
framing processes, mobilizing structures, and political opportunities
What are 3 factors explain how social movements develop according to mainstream literature?
300
After the financial collapse, President Duhalde passed a decree a massive expansion of national workfare benefits, and unified several targeted social schemes into two large food programs implemented through community associations.
What is UHHP? (pg 313)
300
In a democratic setting, political authorities faced electoral punishment if they resorted to repression. Acts of protest enjoyed media coverage, and repression generated subsequent and more massive mobilization against violence.
Is confrontation by the state a successful reaction to protest?(308)
300
mobilized efforts of large numbers of the urban population to represent interests, redress grivences, or change policies through claims on the larger society.
What is Collective action in 3rd world cities?
300
"has allowed them to build especially large membership bases.Scholars have further found that administration of benefits has oriented the policy preferences of unions toward the continuity and expansion of those programs vis-à-vis other policy options" (Associative administration)
What is empowerment of unemployed workers (pg 306)
400
emergence of unemployed contention. (305)
What is the failure the 3 factors Garay claims social movements failed to account for? (305)
400
lack of social policy features encouraging collective action (i.e., short supply, discretionary selection, associative administration) in the main programs reaching the informal poor may help to explain the very absence of large-scale collective action
What factors discouraged organization and protest under the Pinochet dictatorship, despite high levels of unemployment? (319)
400
strengthened unemployed groups as it provided them with key resources,and gradually led to conflict resolution through institutionalized channels.
What effect did negotiation have on unemployed groups? (pg 308)
400
Started with a large, growing working class vs. dependent industrialization- working class employment expands to a limited degree
What is the difference between "3rd world urbanization and originally industrialized nations?" (463)
400
"materialized both in direct access to the state on the part of unemployed associations and in the formation of alliances with opposition unions, which have undermined the historic separation of interests between labor- market insiders and outsiders."
What are the transformations that collective actions produced in public interest intermediation? (pg 302)
500
"different social-program designs shape beneficiaries’ beliefs about their capacity to assert themselves vis-à-vis the state in different ways, thereby favoring or discouraging political activism.Policies may also help beneficiaries to construct a collective identity, which is central for collective action since collective identities can help to make organization and mobilization legitimate and allow for connections and alliances among previously unrelated groups."
What is: How do policies engage beneficiaries in collective action? (305)
500
"Despite the fact that the program is a “social right,” access has been constrained because the national government set a deadline for applications. Furthermore, benefit levels are low and standardized, irrespective of household size."
What features have made the UHHP an ineffective tool for lifting people out of poverty? (pg 314)
500
"passed by decree a massive expansion of national workfare benefits, creating the (UHHP), unified several targeted social schemes into two large food programs implemented through community associations,and created informal and formal arenas of negotiation with unemployed organizations."
What is How did Eduardo Duhalde respond to protests following the financial collapse of 2001? (pg 313)
500
people can improve their life through urban migration, participation in the labor force, and career advancement through the formal economy where income and benefits are greater or conflict is high, aimed at collective goods that reduce expenditures, and expressed in collective action by popular mobilization.
What happens in periods of development/upward social mobility vs. arrested/blocked social mobility? (pg. 466)
500
had a more stable unemployed workers organization,received significant state funding for micro-enterprises and their newly created housing cooperatives.
What is the PJ success opposed to left wing parties in gaining support of the unemployed? (pg 318)