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Argument Structure
Fallacies
Fallacies
Appeals/Language Use
Miscellaneous
100
A hook, a personal anecdote, background information on the topic, the thesis statement.
What are elements in the introduction of an essay?
100
This fallacy occurs when a complex, multisided issue is reduced to two positions without acknowledging the possibility of other alternatives.
What is Either/Or Reasoning?
100
When people can't find fault with an argument, they sometimes attack the arguer, substituting irrelevant assertions about that person's character for the analysis of the argument itself.
What is he Ad Hominem Fallacy?
100
The appeal to reason; the quality of the message itself; the internal consistency; the clarity in asserting a thesis or point; the quality of the reasons and evidence used to support the point.
What is logos?
100
A page at the end of your essay which contains a list of all the sources you gathered information and evidence from; this page provides your reader with the information they need to find your sources, if they choose.
What is a Works Cited page?
200
A suggestion to your audience, usually placed in your conclusion, about a change they can make or an action they can take to create or inspire change.
What is a call to action?
200
Closely related to the post hoc fallacy is the hasty generalization, which refers to the claim based on insufficient or unrepresentative data. Because the amount of evidence needed in a given case can vary with the audience's degree of skepticism, it is difficult to draw an exact line between hasty and justified generalizations.
What is Hasty Generalization?
200
These fallacies offer as support the fact that a famous person or “many people” already support it. Unless the supporters are themselves authorities in the field, their support is irrelevant.
What is The Bandwagon Appeal or Appeal to Authority?
200
The appeal to the character of the speaker/writer; the speaker/writer's trustworthiness and credibility; respect for alternative points of view; accuracy and thoroughness in crediting sources; attention to format, grammar, and the neat appearance of a document.
What is ethos?
200
Placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase; also known as a "parenthetical citation".
What is an in-text citation?
300
A sentence, usually placed at the beginning of the paragraph, which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph.
What is a topic sentence?
300
This fallacy is based on the fear that one step in a direction we don't like inevitably leads to the next step with no stopping place.
What is the Slippery Slope Fallacy?
300
This fallacy occurs when you state your claim and then, usually after rewording it, you state it again as your reason.
What is Circular Reasoning?
300
The appeal to the sympathies, values, beliefs, and emotions of the audience. It can be enhanced through evocative visual images and it can be enhanced verbally through vivid examples and details, connotative language, and through empathy with the audience's beliefs and values.
What is pathos?
300
A sentence that does not include a main clause; that is, a sentence that does not have as the base of a sentence a SUBJECT and a VERB. Example: Although the winter storm knocked out all the power.
What is a sentence fragment?
400
Facts, Examples, Statistics, Personal Experiences.
What are examples of evidence?
400
Mistaking sequence for cause. Just because one event happens before another event doesn't mean the first event caused the second. The connection may be coincidental, or some unknown third event may have caused both of these events.
What is the Post Hoc Fallacy?
400
This fallacy refers to the practice of raising an unrelated or irrelevant point deliberately to throw an audience offtrack. Politicians often employ this fallacy when they field questions fro the public or press.
What is the Red Herring Fallacy?
400
Literal meaning of a word; the dictionary definition.
What is denotation?
400
Refutes or concedes to opposing views Shows weaknesses in opposing views May concede to some strengths
What is the Response to the Opposing View?
500
This fallacy occurs when there is no evident connection between a claim and a reason. Sometimes it can be repaired by filling in gaps in the seasoning; other times, the reasoning is simply fallacious.
What is the Non Sequitor Fallacy?
500
Arguers often use analogies to support their claim. (We shouldn't go to war in Iraq because doing so will lead us into a Vietnam-like quagmire.) However, analogical arguments are tricky because there are usually significant differences between the two things being compared as well as similarities. (Supporters of the war in Iraq argued that the situation in Iraq in 2002 was very different from that in Vietnam in 1964.) Although it is hard to draw an exact line between a false analogy and an acceptable one, charges of false analogy are frequent when skeptical opponents try to refute arguments based on analogies.
What is the fallacy of False Analogy?
500
What a word represents, brings to mind, or implies; associations that are connected with the word.
What is connotation?
500
Summary of views different from writer’s (should be fair and complete)
What is a Response to the Opposing View?