The reason why anticholinergics are seldom used in horses
What is ileus
100
Relieves anxiety w/o much sedation
What is acepromazine
200
This anticholinergic crosses the BBB and placental barrier
What is atropine
200
Mechanism of action of acepromazine
What is antagonizes dopamine
300
Onset of action and duration of action of atropine vs glycopyrrolate
What is 30 sec, 20 min for atropine; 1-2 min, 60 min for glyco
300
Onset of action and duration of action of acepromazine
What is Onset: 2-5 min IV, 30 min SQ; Duration = 4-6 hrs
400
Advantage of anticholinergics in COPD horses and asthma cats
What is bronchodilation
400
Disadvantages of ace
What is
- Hypotension by vasodilation from alpha-1 blockade
- Lowers seizure threshold
- Decreases PCV and PLT function
- Paraphimosis in stallions
- Prolonged effects in liver disease
- No antagonist
- No analgesia
500
5 uses of anticholinergics
What is
1. Increase HR
2. Decrease bronchial and oral secretions
3. Bronchodilation
4. Mydriasis- ophtho exams
5. Increase stomach pH for regurgitation cases
500
Advantages of ace
What is
- Calming effect
- Muscle relaxation
- Decreases dose required for induction and maintenance
- Anti-emetic
- Anti-spasmotic
- Weak antihistamine
- Reduces aggressive behaviors
- Alpha-1 blockade blocks catecholamine induced arrhythmias