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Mutations
DNA/Enzyme Functions
RNA/Enzyme Functions
Transcription
Translation
100
AAA,CCC,UAC is your sequence and the last C was substituted for an A did the Tyrosin change into another amino acid or did it stay the same? What amino acid did it create? What type of mutation is it?
The Tyrosine was changed and created it into a STOP. This is Substitution and because it turned into a stop it is nonsense.
100
_______________ join DNA fragments to the lagging strand.
Ligases
100
What are the 3 types of RNA used in Protien Synthesis
They are tRNA,mRNA,rRNA
100
Transcription occurs in what part?
It occurs in the Nucleus.
100
During Translation, proteins are synthesized where ?
They are synthesized in the ribosomes.
200
AAG,GCU,UCUG the first C is deleted what is the new sequence?Name this type of mutation? What is the amino acids? Use the codon wheel.
AAG,GUU,CUG is the sequence. Lysine,Valine,Leucine Thus is Deletion Frameshift Mutation
200
How do cells make accurate copies of DNA?
Dna Replication
200
What do mRNA,tRNA,and rRNA stand for?
mRNA=Messenger RNA/ tRNA= Transfer RNA/rRNA=Ribosomal RNA.
200
The nucleotide sequences of RNA and DNA are the same except in RNA there is what instead of thymine?
There is uracil in RNA and Thymine in DNA.
200
RNA is _______ into a Polypeptide.
It's Translated into a Polypeptide.
300
AGCCGUGAAC if the first C was inserted what would the first sequence have looked like and without it how would it look like? What amino acid did it create before and after? What mutation was used?
WithC: Alanine,Arginine,and Glutamic Acid Without C:Alanine,Valine,and Asparagine Insertion frame shift was the mutation that was used.
300
How many phosphates are split from the nucleotides triphosphates used by DNA polymerases to elongate DNA strands?
Two phosphates are removed
300
Define RNA Polymerase.
An enzyme that creates a complementary strand of RNA
300
During_______, a molecule of messenger RNA is formed as a complementary copy of a region on one strand of the DNA molecule.
During Tanscription
300
Ribosomes consist of 2 subunits a small and a large subunit? Which one binds to mRNA.
The small subunit binds to mRNA.
400
If you have GCA, and the the A is changed to a C what is the the old amino acid and what is the new amino acid? What mutation was used?
Old : Alanine New: Alanine Substitution and it was Silent.
400
DNA replication is called semiconservative because half of each of the two new strands of DNA is "old" DNA from the original DNA molecule and half is "new" DNA. True or False?
False
400
What regions of DNA does RNA polymerase bind to? What are Promoters?
It binds to Promoter. It signals in the DNA molecule that show RNA polymerase exactly where to begin making RNA
400
Once mRNA is formed, enzymes in the nucleus remove what _______ and leave _______
They remove Introns and leave Exons.
400
In the process of translation, the amino acids are arranged to form specific proteins because they are attached to what A:rRNA B:tRNA C:mRNA D:None of the above
B:tRNA
500
You have UGU,CAC,and,AGU what happens if you replace a G for the last word of every amino acid? What are the old and new amino acids? Can you create a Stop by only changing one letter on any amino acid? What mutation was used in this sequence?
Old:Cysteine,Histidine,Sernine New:Tryptophan,Glutamine,Arginine. Mutation: Substitution Missense Does it create a Stop:UGU-UGA is the only Stop possible.
500
In a DNA double helix why doesn't A or T create 2 hydrogen bonds with G or C?
Once the nitrogen bases are full they cant create anymore nitrogen bonds.
500
Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger, why can't the code be take b directly from DNA?
Because DNA is too big to fit through the nuclear pores.
500
During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made which is also complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus? True or False
True
500
What are the first 3 steps in translation? Include if its m,t,or rRNA.
1. mRNA leaves the nucleus and migrates to ribosome. 2. mRNA binds to small ribosomal subunit. 3. tRNA brings an amino acid to the ribosome, where anticodon on the tRNA binds to the codon of the mRNA.