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Vocabulary
Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
100
What is a monomer and a polymer?
Monomers are single molecular units and polymers are long chains of monomers.
100
How many bonds can Carbon form with other atoms?
4
100
What is a carbohydrate?
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of sugar molecules.
100
What property do lipids share?
They are hydrophobic
200
Identify one similarity and one difference between carbohydrates and lipids.
Both carbohydrates and lipids are classified as molecules of life and both are organic compounds. Lipids are hydrophobic and have fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol. Carbohydrates consist of single sugar units (monosaccharides) which bond together to form polysaccharides.
200
Describe the 3 different types of carbon backbones organic molecules can form.
Straight chained backbones are carbons bonded to one another in a line. Branched chained backbones are carbons that bond to one another and then extend (or branch) along the side. Carbon rings are backbones where carbons bond together and close into a ring.
200
Explain the difference between monosaccharide and a disaccharide.
Monosaccharides are single simple units of sugar. Disaccharides are "double sugars" or two monosaccharides.
200
A steroid lipid molecule has a carbon skeleton that forms ________ fused rings.
4
300
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? Give an example for both.
Hydrophilic is "water-loving" and hydrophobic is "water-hating." Hydroxyl groups are hydrophilic and lipids are hydrophobic.
300
Carbon based molecules are classified as ___________ molecules. Non-carbon based molecules such oxygen gas and ammonia are classified as ____________ molecules. Why?
Organic & inorganic. Because a carbon molecule is required for a molecule to be classified as organic.
300
Which statement is true? a. Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides b. Glycerol is made of fatty acids c. Polymers are made of monomers d. Amino acids are made of proteins
C. Polymers are made of monomers
300
True or false? Cholesterol is an essential molecule that surrounds our cells and are the starting points for other steroids.
True!
400
True or False? A fat consists of a three carbon backbone called glycine which is attached to three fatty acids.
False - glycerol and three fatty acids
400
Why is it called a __________ reaction when a water molecule is released? What happens when a water molecule is added?
Dehydration Reaction - because it involves removing (de-) a water (hydro-) molecule. When water is added, it is a hydrolysis reaction because water is used to break down the polymer.
400
Sucrose is a ___________ consisting of __________ and ___________ linked together.
Disaccharide, glucose, fructose
400
Steroids are also classified as lipids because they are __________. Estrogen and testosterone are examples of steroids naturally made in our bodies, but what is the only difference between these two hormones?
Steroids are lipids because they are hydrophobic. Testosterone has an oxygen double bonded to the four carbon rings and estrogen has a single bonded OH to its four carbon rings.
500
__________ is a polysaccharide in plants that serves as a building material and ____________ are polysaccharides that consist of glucose monomers.
Cellulose & Starch
500
Besides bonding with other carbon atoms, carbon can bond with other molecules called functional groups. Name all the functional groups we talked about in class and which functional group is hydrophilic?
Hydroxyl (hydrophlic) Carbonyl Carboxyl Amino
500
Describe the differences in structure of the 3 types of polysaccharides and what they do. Which polysaccharides are found in humans and which are found in plants?
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen all consist of glucose molecules, but Starch has a loopty loop chain structure, and serve as sugar storage for plants. Cellulose polysaccharides have a web like structure and are the building blocks for plants. Glycogen have a branched structure and serve as storage for humans.
500
Describe the parts that makes up a fat and the specific functions for each fat.
Fat is made up of glycerol (a 3-carbon backbone) which is attached to a fatty acid (long hydrocarbon chains). Saturated fats are long straight carbon chains with single bonds and unsaturated fats are carbon chains with one double bond.