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Cardiac Cycle
Electrocardiogram
Axis
Angina
Ischemic Heart Disease
100
A series of coordinated events that occur from the beginning of a heartbeat to the the beginning of the next
What is a cardiac cycle?
100
A recording of electrical activity generated by cardiomyocytes
What is an electrocardiogram?
100
An arrow point in the direction of electrical potential
What is a vector?
100
Male gender and increasing age
What are the two most important risk factors for atherosclerosis?
100
A disease of large and intermediate-sized arteries
What is atherosclerosis?
200
The time between closure of semilunar valves to the opening of the atrioventricular valves
What is isovolumetric relaxation?
200
It represents the start of depolarization.
What is the J point?
200
QRS axis between -30 degrees and +90 degrees
What is normal QRS axis?
200
Sharp, retrosternal chest pain exacerbated by deep breating, coughing, or change in body position
What is pericarditis?
200
The result of macrophages ingesting lipoproteins in the tunica intima.
What are foam cells?
300
Ventricular load at the end of diastole
What is preload?
300
It represents phase 2 of a cardiomyocytes's action potential.
What is the ST segment?
300
Lead I and lead aVF
What are the leads used to determine QRS axis?
300
it is relieved with rest and/or nitroglycerin
What is stable angina?
300
Complete occlusion of a coronary artery by thrombus.
What is STEMI?
400
A conceptual model of depicting phases of cardiac cycle
What is the pressure-volume loop?
400
First degree A-V block is a sign of this
What is digitalis toxicity?
400
Qrs is upright in lead I, downward in lead II and downward in aVF
What is left axis deviation
400
A focal coronary spasm with or without stenosis
What is Printzmetal's angina?
400
Events occurring when there is an absence of blood flow in coronary vessels beyond an occlusion
What is the ischemic cascade?
500
VO2/Ca – Cv
What is cardiac output?
500
Lead I, aVL, and V1-V6
What are the ECG leads reflecting an anterolateral wall MI?
500
QRS is negative in lead I and lead aVF
What is a "Northwest" axis
500
it is associated with the highest risk for preoperative myocardial infarction
What is unstable angina?
500
Dead muscle that creates bulging in the ventricle during contraction.
What is systolic stretch?