Upper GI

Testing

100

This diagnostic procedure is commonly performed to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum for the source of an upper GI bleed.

What is endoscopy

200

This non-invasive imaging study is often used to rule out bleeding ulcers or tumors in the upper GI tract.

What is CT scan of the abdomen

300

This type of feeding is administered through a tube inserted into the stomach or small intestine, typically used for patients who cannot eat by mouth due to medical conditions.

What are tube feedings (or enteral feedings)?

400

Risks of thrombocytopenia

What is bleeding

bleeding precautions- avoid-NSAID, constipation, needles, alcohol, injury, invasive procedures. Monitor stool, skin, menstruation 

500

What to do when TPN runs out.

TPN is a hypertonic dextrose solution. To avoid hypoglycemia hand 10% dextrose solution

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solute particles outside a membrane than inside it. This creates an osmotic gradient that causes water to flow into the solution.

Change filter and tubing and bag q24 hours, monitor BG 4-6 hrs, monitor electrolytes, assess catheter, should be in central line.

Condition

100

This condition, involving the breakdown of the stomach lining, is one of the most common causes of upper GI bleeding.

What is a peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

200

This type of varices, often seen in patients with cirrhosis, can rupture and cause significant upper GI bleeding.

What are esophageal varices?

300

This chronic condition, often associated with excessive use of NSAIDs or alcohol, can lead to inflammation and bleeding in the stomach.

What is gastritis?

400

This causes acid reflux into the esophagus, which can be managed with lifestyle changes, medications, and avoiding food triggers

What is GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)? 

• Avoid trigger foods: These can include caffeinated drinks, fatty foods, alcohol, peppermint, chocolate, citrus fruits, and carbonated drinks. 
• Eat smaller meals: Eating small meals every few hours can help prevent large meals that can aggravate GERD. 
• Eat slowly: Eating slowly and chewing thoroughly can help with digestion. 

  Elevate your head: Raising the head of your bed by 6–8 inches can help. 

• Maintain a healthy weight: Losing weight can reduce pressure on your abdomen. 
• Quit smoking: Smoking weakens the sphincter muscle that separates the esophagus and stomach, which can make GERD worse. 
• Wear loose-fitting clothes: Tight clothing can make GERD worse. 

500

Foods to avoid in dumping syndrome

Eating smaller meals

Dont drink fluids with meals

Limiting high-sugar foods

Eating more protein, fiber, and fat

Lying down after eating 

Term

100

This term refers to the vomiting of blood, which can be a symptom of an upper GI bleed.

What is hematemesis?

200

This type of stool, often associated with significant upper GI bleeding, appears black and tarry due to digested blood.

What is melena?

300

The presence of this substance in the vomit, often described as resembling coffee grounds, is a classic sign of upper GI bleeding.

What is coffee-ground emesis?

400

This condition, characterized by a low platelet count, can lead to increased bleeding and bruising and may be caused by various factors, including bone marrow disorders or autoimmune diseases.

What is thrombocytopenia?

500

Two different types of ulcers.

• Gastric ulcer: An open sore that develops in the stomach lining
• Duodenal ulcer: An open sore that develops in the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine 
• Gastric ulcers cause pain 30–60 minutes after eating, while duodenal ulcers cause pain 1.5–3 hours after eating. Gastric ulcer pain is worse during the day and with eating, while duodenal ulcer pain is worse at night and better with eating

Monitor

100

The nurse should monitor this vital sign closely in patients with upper GI bleeding to assess for shock due to blood loss.

What is blood pressure?

200

This blood test assesses the overall blood loss and can help guide the management of patients with upper GI bleeds.

What is a hemoglobin and hematocrit (H&H) test?

300

What are the signs of GI bleeding?

Vital signs, abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, stool changes, vomiting, 

Other symptoms: Dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, or paleness 

Shock: A drop in blood pressure, rapid pulse, little or no urination, or unconsciousness 

 

400

This condition refers to a decrease in blood volume due to significant upper GI bleeding, and symptoms may include low blood pressure, tachycardia, and confusion.

What is hypovolemic shock?

500

This mineral is essential for producing hemoglobin and is commonly prescribed to treat anemia caused by blood loss or insufficient dietary intake.

What is iron?

Meds

100

This class of medications, commonly used to treat conditions like GERD and peptic ulcers, works by blocking the enzyme responsible for acid production in the stomach.

What is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)?

200

This medication forms a protective barrier over ulcers in the stomach and duodenum, promoting healing by preventing further acid damage.

What is sucralfate?

300

This vitamin is essential for red blood cell production and nerve function, and its deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia.

What is cobalamin - vitamin B12?

400

This intervention to stabilize patients with upper GI bleeding before the source of bleeding is identified and treated.

What is intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation?

500

This IV medication is commonly given to patients with upper GI bleeding due to varices to reduce portal vein pressure and prevent further bleeding.

What is octreotide?