This hormone-like substance turns off the proton pump by decreasing acid.
What is prostaglandin
100
GERD is diagnosed with evidence of either mucosal damage secondary to reflux of gastric contents, or...
What are chronic symptoms
100
The pathology causing an ulcer includes increased acidity and decreased mucosal protection due to gastrin, NSAIDS, stress, and this.
What is H. Pylori
100
This type of ulcer occurs most frequently in people over 50 years of age.
What is gastric ulcer
100
This occurs when either the gastroesophageal junction slides above the diaphragm or the stomach moves through the esophageal hiatus.
What is hiatal hernia
200
Name the pharmacology classification for medications used to ease nausea and vomiting.
What is antiemetic
200
The number one cause of GERD.
What is dysfunctional LES (lower esophageal sphincter)
200
80% of ulcers are located in here
What is duodenum
200
Acid neutralizers like Maalox and Mylanta should be taken when?
What is between 1 and 3 hours after meals
200
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is often referred to as...
What is oral cancer
300
The normal anatomy of the alimentary canal includes ingestion, propulsion, digestion, and these two processes.
What are absorption and defication
300
Signs and symptoms of GERD include pyrosis (heartburn 30-60 mins after meal), dyspepsia (upset stomach), hypersalivation, dysphagia (severe GERD) and these three atypical symptoms
What are: severe nocturnal symptoms; non-cardiac chest pain; ENT issues
300
It's method of action (MOA) inhibits H2 from attaching to receptor sites thereby reducing acid
What is histamine 2 receptor antagonists: ranitidine (Zantac); famotidine (Pepcid)
300
Complications of PUD include (3)
What are: hemorrhage - bleeding; perforation - rigid like belly; gastric outlet obstruction - stricture causing projectile vomiting
300
The number one sign of esophageal cancer is:
What is dysphagia
400
A serotonin antagonist that blocks the 5-HT3 serotonin in the chemoreceptive trigger zone and blocks nerve terminals from the Vagus nerve in the GI tract.
What is Ondansteron (Zofran)
400
This type of diet is recommended for GERD management along with eating six small meals daily
What is: high protein, low fat
400
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) block the ATPase needed for HCl production. Name two prototype PPIs.
What are omperazole (Prilosec) and lansoprazole (Prevacid)
400
A complication of ulcer surgery includes this, where food reaches the intestine faster causing increased bowel motility and urges to defecate only 15-30 minutes after eating.
What is dumping syndrome
400
This medication is used to break up gas bubbles
What is simethicone
500
This drug blocks dopamine and serotonin while stimulating upper GI motility increasing the lower esophageal sphincter tone
What is Metaclopramide (Reglan)
500
Diagnosing GERD in response to signs and symptoms includes six possibilities. Name three of six.
What are: EGD endoscopy, biopsy, manometric pressure, pH monitoring, barium swallow, high dose PPI with relief check
500
Symptoms of PUD include (name 3)
What are: pyrosis, weight loss, black tarry stool, epigastric tenderness, nausea, vomiting, ABN tests
500
First signs and symptoms of ulcers in the gerontologic population includes (2):
What are frank blood and decreased hematocrit
500
A complication of nausea and vomiting includes constant wrenching with blood. This is called...