mixed conditionals
participle clauses
passive (advanced structures)
inversions
emphasis
100

If I (have) a car, I (drive) to work.

If I had a car, I would drive to work.

100

While I was walking to school, I saw a beautiful bird

Walking to school, I saw a beautiful bird

100

The audience misunderstood the findings that were reported.

The findings were reported to have been misunderstood by the audience.

100

I have never seen such a beautiful sunset. (Never...)

Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

100

I need a good book to read.

What I need is a good book to read.    

200

If she (to be) taller, she (reach) the top shelf.

If she were taller, she could reach the top shelf.

200

After she had finished her homework, she went out to play

Having finished her homework, she went out to play

200

The committee will revise the policy several times before implementing it.  

 The policy will have been revised several times by the time it is implemented.

200

They rarely go out for dinner during the week. (Rarely...)

Rarely do they go out for dinner during the week. 


200

The teacher inspired me to pursue my dreams.

It was the teacher who inspired me to pursue my dreams.    

300

 If we (study) the material better, we (pass) the exam today

 If we had studied the material better, we could be passing the exam today

300

They were so tired from the long journey, they decided to rest before dinner

being tired from the long journey, they decided to rest before dinner

300

Experts have restored the painting to its original condition.

The painting has been restored to its original condition by experts.

300

He did not mention the problem in the meeting, not even once. (Not once...)

Not once did he mention the problem in the meeting.

300

The sudden change in plans surprised everyone.

What surprised everyone was the sudden change in plans.    

400

If I (know) you were in town, I  (see) you now.

If I had known you were in town, I would be seeing you now.

400

Since he didn't even know what to do, he asked for help

Not knowing what to do, he asked for help.

400

The team expects to complete the project by the end of the year.

The project is expected to be completed by the end of the year.

400

We have seldom had such good weather in spring. (Seldom...)

Seldom have we had such good weather in spring.

400

The collaboration with experts has improved our results.

It is the collaboration with experts that has improved our results.    

500

 If they (realize) the importance earlier, they (lead) the project now.

 If they had realized the importance earlier, they might be leading the project now.

500

If she was given the chance to travel, she would explore every country.

Given the chance to travel, she would explore every country.

500

People believe that public opinion has influenced the decision.

The decision is believed to have been influenced by public opinion.

500

It started to rain no sooner than she arrived. (No sooner...)

No sooner had she arrived than it started to rain.  

500

She really wants to travel the world.

What she really wants is to travel the world.