Anatomy and Physiology
Two functions of the nose
What are olfactory and respiratory?
Describe rhinitis
What is inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes?
Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors of the nasal mucous membranes, casing vasoconstriction, choice for relieving rhinitis
What are sympathomimetic decongestants?
Treatment for common cold
What is relieving symptoms?
What is sympathomimetic decongestants?
Respiratory functions of the nose (3)
What is warm, humidify, and filter air?
Describe the common cold
What is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tissues?
Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites, choice for systemic treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis
First step in treating allergic rhinitis
What is identify allergens?
Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, or asthma
What are antihistamines?
Specialized, mucus secreting cells in nose
What are goblet cells?
Describe allergic rhinitis
What is inflammation of the nasal mucosa as the result of an allergic reaction?
Antiinflammatory agent, used when allergic seasonal rhinitis does not respond to antihistamines and sympathomimetic agents
What are intranasal corticosteroids?
Second step in treating allergic rhinitis
What is avoid exposure to allergen?
Understanding when to take the medication, proper technique, signs/symptoms to monitor
Ciliar function in respiratory system
What is movement of particulates and mucus up the respiratory tract?
Describe rhinitis medicamentosa
What is secondary congestion (rebound congestion) caused by an overuse of topical decongestants?
Mast cell stabilizer that inhibits release of histamine, used in conjunction with other medications in case of severe allergic rhinitis
What is cromolyn sodium?
The best treatment for rhinitis medicamentosa
What is prevention?
Symptoms that are present, onset, duration, allergies, pain or discomfort
What is a description of symptoms? or What is a nursing assessment?
What is a physiologic reflex used by the body to clear the nasal passages of foreign material?
Ciliar loss, loss of smell, recurrent sinusitis and otitis media, growth of connective tissue, development of nasal polyps
What are long term effects of allergies?
Most serious adverse effect of most drugs, deadly if not treated
What is anaphylaxis?
Most successful approach to rhinitis medicamentosa
What is clearing one nostril at a time?
Role of nurse in HCP office r/t upper respiratory disorders