Terminology
The term for increased glucose in the urine.
Glycosuria
This is increased in Diabetes mellitus, renal glycosuria, endocrine disorders, and pregnancy.
Glucose
This has an oval head with long tail. It is not clinically significant but should be reported.
Spermatazoa
What does a specific gravity of 1.00 indicate?
Specimen is water
pH found in a vegetarian diet or UTI
Alkaline
The term for increased ketones in the urine.
Ketonuria
This is elevated in liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and biliary obstruction.
Bilirubin
This is a motile, pear-shaped protozoan with flagella that is sexually transmitted.
Trichomonas vaginalis
The pH would you see in a high protein diet
Acidic
This type of epithelial cell is small, round, and has a central nucleus, and is seen in tubular damage (toxic injury, ischemia, and transplant rejection)
Renal Tubular Epithelial cells
The term for blood in the urine.
Hematuria
This is elevated when the patient has kidney stones, infection, or trauma.
Blood
These are tiny rods or cocci that cause UTI's.
Bacteria
This can be positive in diabetes mellitus, starvation, low-carb diet or vomiting
Ketones
This cast indicates chronic renal failure
Waxy cast
The term for protein in the urine.
Proteinuria
This is positive when gram negative bacteria is present.
Nitrite
Cylindrical structures formed in the renal tubules. They may include RBC's, WBC's, or epithelial cells.
Casts
This reflects the kidney's concentrating ability
Specific Gravity
These are the most common casts. They are clear, colorless, nonspecific, and can be normal due to exercise and diet.
Hyaline casts
The term for WBC's in the urine
Pyuria
This is elevated with UTI, Pyelonephritis, cystitis, and urethritis. It causes pyuria.
Leukocyte Esterase
Highly refractile spheres in the urine that can be polarized to show a Maltese cross
Fat
This influences crystal and stone formation
pH
A urine with a positive glucose and ketones can indicate what disease?
Diabetes mellitus