Urinalysis

Renal Anatomy

100

This is the functional filtering unit of the kidney

What is the nephron

200

This is the first site of filtration

What is the glomerulus

300

These are the two hormones that control reabsorption in the kidney 

What is AVP and Aldosterone

400

97% of reabsorption occurs here

What is the PCT (proximal convoluted tubule)

500

This test determines the amount of blood the kidneys are able to filter per minute

What is creatinine clearance

Reagent Strip Testing

100

This is the principle of protein on the reagent strip

What is the protein-error-of-indicators principle

200

These are the 3 types of ketones

What is acetone, acetoacetic acid, and betahydroxybutyric acid

300

These are the 3 things that the blood pad on the reagent strip will react with

What is hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria

400

This is the principle of of bilirubin on the reagent strip

What is the "diazo reaction"

500

Normal urine will contain this amount of urobilinogen

What is 0.2 to 1.0 mg/dL

Microscopic Examination

100

This is what casts are composed of

What is Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein

200

This cast indicates glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis

What is WBC casts

300

All pathologic crystals are found in this urine pH

What is acidic urine

400

These casts are present in renal failure and indicate extreme urinary stasis 

What are broad casts

500

This microscopic element indicates intravascular hemolysis

What is hemosiderin

Renal Diseases

100

These are the 4 classifications of renal diseases

What are glomerular disorders, tubular disorders, interstitial disorders, and systemic disorders

200

This condition causes kidneys to be unable to produce acidic urine due to inability to secrete hydrogen ions 

What is renal tubular acidosis

300

This disorder can be caused by a primary infection of Group A strep

What is acute glomerulonephritis

400

This is caused by solidified chemical composed of inorganic salts formed in renal pelvis and ureters

What is urinary obstruction (urolithiasis, calculi, stones)

500

This test is used to identify PKU

What is Guthrie Microbial Inhibition Test

Body Fluids

100

When collecting CSF, 3-4 tubes are collected. They are sent to their designated departments in this order.

What is tube 1 to chemistry, tube 2 to microbiology, tube 3 to hematology, and tube 4 for additional serology testing

200

This term is used to describe yellow/brown CSF

What is xanthochromic

300

There are 2 main types of meningitis, bacterial and viral. These are the cells associated with each.

What is neutrophils in bacterial and lymphocytes in viral

400

These cell counts determine a transudate from and exudate

What is <1000/uL RBC and WBC is transudate and >1000/uL RBC and WBC is exudate

500

These crystals present in a synovial fluid indicate gout

What are MSU (monosodium urate) crystals