Urinalysis
Which component should always be negative?
glucose, ketones, leukocytes
A urine culture is best collected at what time?
First morning void, mid-stream clean catch urine
What do we look at with BUN?
This stands for blood/urea/nitrogen, and it helps determine the kidney function and ability to remove waste
Which imaging study uses no contrast dye and is common for kidney stones?
What procedure uses a scope to directly visualize the bladder interior?
Cystoscopy
What does nitrite-positive urine strongly indicate?
Bacterial UTI
How long can urine culture sit at room temperature before it is unreliable?
less than 1 hour unless refrigerated
Which value is more specific to kidney function, BUN or creatinine?
Creatinine is more specific because it is less affected by other factors like hydration and diet
What is the nurse's priority after any study involving contrast dye?
Encourage lots of fluids to flush dye
What is the highest priority post-cystoscopy complication to monitor for?
Bleeding or urinary retention
Dark amber urine is most commonly caused by what?
Dehydration
What is the primary purpose of a urine culture and sensitivity test?
Identify the pathogen and determine which antibiotics will work
A rising BUN and creatinine together usually indicate what?
Acute or chronic kidney dysfunction
Which test visualizes obstruction of urinary flow by injecting dye into the bladder via catheter?
Cystogram or voiding cystourethrogram
What test measures how well the kidneys filter blood each minute?
GFR- glomerular filtration rate
hydration status, blood pressure, age can all affect
Which urine finding suggests renal damage?
Protein
Before giving antibiotics for UTI, what must be done first?
Obtain the urine culture
What is the normal serum creatinine range for adults?
0.6-1.2 for female, 0.6-1.4 for male
What organs are looked at in a KUB?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder
Anticoagulants
What do casts in urine typically indicate?
Kidney disease or tubular damage
A patient culture grows E. coli resistant to ampicillin. What term describes this?
Antibiotic resistance
Why might BUN be elevated if kidneys are normal?
Dehydration commonly, can also be due to high protein diet and steroids.
Which diagnostic tests require screening for iodine allergy beforehand?
CT with contrast, IV pyelogram
After a renal biopsy, the nurse should position the patient how?
On the affected side (the pressure helps control bleeding)