A&P
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Normal urine should contain how much glucose?
None
By age 70, a person may lose up to what percentage of kidney filtering ability?
Which medication turns the urine orange?
Phenazopyridine
Patient with urinary disorders should avoid which common stimulant?
Caffeine
Which nephron process is responsible for pulling useful substances back into the bloodstream?
Reabsorption
The presence of ketones in urine indicates what metabolic process?
Excessive fat breakdown
Older adults often experience incomplete bladder emptying due to loss of what?
Which antibiotic is commonly prescribed for uncomplicated UTIs?
Nitrofurantoin, Bactrim, Cipro
The alkaline-ash diet is mainly used for which condition?
Chronic UTIs
What hormone causes increased water reabsorption in the distal tubules?
ADH
What does the presence of leukocytes in urine usually indicate?
Infection
Relaxation of which muscles contributes to urinary dribbling in older adults?
Perineal muscles
What class of medication may be used to increase urinary output in disorders with retention or fluid overload?
Diuretics
What is the purpose of an acid-ash diet?
To acidify urine and prevent certain kidney stones
Where does urine collect immediately after leaving the nephron before entering the ureter?
The renal pelvis
Give a reason why older adults are at higher risk for UTIS.
Incomplete emptying/retention
Decreased immune response
Which medication is an analgesic only and does not treat infection?
Phenazopyridine
Name one food group that helps produce alkaline ash in urine
Fruit, veggies
Name the three phases of urine formation in correct order:
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion
What is the normal urine pH range?
4.6-8.0
Leaking of urine due to an inability (mental or physical) to make it to the toilet on time
What is the nursing priority before giving antibiotics for a suspected UTI?
Obtain a urine specimen for culture
What foods/drinks should be avoided as it can trigger urinary irritation?
Caffeine, alcohol, spicy food