Urinary/Renal Anatomy/Assessment
Three components of the urinary system.
What are the kidneys, ureter, and bladder?
Normal Potassium level
What is 3.5-5.3 mEq/L?
Components of Renal diet
What is Low-protein, low-sodium, low-potassium, fat and cholesterol restriction, fluid restriction diets?
Renal supplements
Most common cause of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
What is E. Coli (Escherichia coli)?
Common first symptom of bladder cancer
What is painless hematuria?
Hormones that effect the kidneys (hint: four)
What is Aldosterone, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Atrial natriuretic hormone, and parathyroid hormone?
Plasma protein that maintains oncotic pressure in the vascular system.
What is albumin?
Medication given to relieve pain, urgency, and frequency associated with UTI
What is phenzopyridine (Pyridium)?
Urethritis (What is it? Causes?)
Whta is inflammation of the urethra? -- causes: chemical irritant, bacterial infection, trauma, or exposure to STI's
distention of the renal pelvis and calices
What is hydronephrosis?
Components of a urinalysis (total of 14, must name 6 to get points)
What is color, appearance, odor, pH, specific gravity, protein, gluocse, ketones, bilirubin, nitrite, red blood cells, white blood cells, leukocyte esterase, casts?
Normal urinary output in 24 hours
What is 1,000 to 2,000 mL of urine per 24 hours?
end-stage renal disease occurs when ____% of the nephrons are lost
What is 90%
Signs and symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
What are voiding urgency, frequency, burning; foul-smelling urine; hematuria
older adult: fatigue, confusion, and delirium
*positive urinalysis*
Body systems effected by chronic kidney disease
What are cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematopoetic, integumentary, neurologic, pulmonary, reproductive, skeletal systems?
Blood pressure forces water and small solutes out of the glomeruli and into Bowman capsules, this flulid is then called renal filtrate
Normal Creatinine
What is 0.61 - 1.21 in males and 0.51-1.11 in females?
Treatments for chronic kidney disease (3)
What is Diet, Dialysis, and Kidney Transplant?
Treatments for Urolithiasis
1. Fluids and analgesics for pain
2. Lithotripsy
3. Nephrolithotomy
Crackles and wheezes auscultated in the lungs are first signs of
What is fluid overload/accumulation?
Regulation of blood pressure, volume, and composition by the excretion or conservation of water
What is a function of the kidney?
Normal specific gravity of urine
What is 1.005 to 1.030
Measures to monitor during/post dialysis treatment
What are blood pressure monitoring, lab monitoring, vascular access monitoring
Strategies to prevent UTIs (total of 9, 5 to get points)
1. drink adequate fluids
2. foods to prevent UTIs (cranberyy/blueberry, coffee, black tea, dark chocolate)
3.void as soon as urge occurs or every 3 hours
4. wipe from front to back (females)
5. wear cotton underwear and avoid restricting clothing
6. avoid perfumed feminine hygiene products, bubble baths, bath salts
7. void after sexual intercourse
8. signs and symptoms of UTIs to report
9. finish all prescribed medications including antibiotics
Lab values that must be monitored in Chronic kidney disease/ end-stage kidney disease