Nephron Anatomy
The first structure where blood is filtered into filtrate within the nephron.
Bowman's Capsule
This process in the nephron moves unwanted substances from blood into filtrate.
Tubular secretion
The hormone that promotes water reabsorption in the collecting duct in response to high blood osmolality.
ADH
The descending limb of the Loop of Henle loses this substance due to its permeability.
water
The pressure in the glomerulus that promotes filtration.
hydrostatic pressure
This part of the nephron is only permeable to water and allows reabsorption of water by osmosis.
Descending loop of Henle
The percentage of glucose reabsorbed in the proximal tubule in a healthy person.
100%
This hormone is released in response to low blood pressure and increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule.
aldosterone
The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle actively transports this substance out of the nephron to create an osmotic gradient.
NaCl
This filtration rate depends on net filtration pressure, which includes hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
GFR
This structure in the nephron reclaims important substances from filtrate and is not under hormonal control.
Proximal convoluted tubule
The term for the maximum rate of substance reabsorption in the nephron, determined by the number of transporters.
transport maximum
This hormone system is activated when blood pressure falls below normal levels, involving renin and angiotensin.
renin-angiotensin pathway
In the nephron, this part becomes more salty as it goes deeper into the medulla, creating a gradient for water reabsorption.
renal medulla
An increase in hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s capsule has this effect on GFR.
Decrease
The name of the nephron segment responsible for adjusting urine concentration by reabsorbing water or salt.
Collecting Duct
If glucose levels exceed this threshold, glucose appears in the urine.
Renal threshold for glucose
This hormone, produced by the heart, counteracts high blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion.
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
This type of transport in the Loop of Henle uses ATP to pump ions against their concentration gradient.
active transport
When proteins are low in the blood, this pressure decreases, leading to an increase in GFR.
colloid osmotic pressure
This structure in the nephron helps establish an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla by actively transporting NaCl out.
Ascending loop of Henle
The primary site of sodium reabsorption in the nephron.
proximal convoluted tubule
This hormone triggers vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)
As a result of losing water, the filtrate’s osmolarity increases in this part of the nephron.
descending loop of Henle
Afferent arteriole vasodilation would have this effect on GFR.
increase