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Function
Urine Formation
Anatomy
Renal Physiology
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100

In what ways does the urinary system maintain pH balance in the body?

The kidneys help regulate other buffering systems in the body by managing the levels of ions involved in buffering, such as phosphate.

100

How does the process of filtration work in the kidneys?

1. Blood Flow into the Glomerulus

2. Filtration Membrane

3. Filtration Driven by Blood Pressure

4.  Filtration Rate Regulation

100

Function-Kidneys 

  • Function: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products, excess ions, and water, producing urine. They also play a key role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and pH.
100
  • How do hormones like ADH and aldosterone affect kidney function?

1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

2. Aldosterone


Together, these hormones help the kidneys fine-tune fluid, electrolyte, and blood pressure regulation, contributing to overall homeostasis.




100

How is urine formed and eliminated?




Urine formation involves filtering the blood of waste products such as urea and excess water.

200

How does the urinary system filter my blood?

  1. Your blood enters each kidney through lots of little arteries.
  2. Your kidneys filter your blood, separating toxins from nutrients.
  3. Vitamins, minerals, nutrients and proteins return back to your bloodstream.
  4. Waste products and pee move from your kidneys through your ureters and to your bladder.
  5. Your bladder stores your pee until you use the toilet.
  6. Pee leaves your body through your urethra.
200

What role does reabsorption play in urine formation?

1. Selective Recovery of Essential Substances

2. Water Reabsorption for Fluid Balance

3. Maintenance of Electrolyte Balance


200

Ureters-Location

  • Location: The ureters are narrow tubes that extend from each kidney to the bladder.
200
  • What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and why is it important?

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an essential measure of kidney function. It tells healthcare providers how well the kidneys are filtering blood and eliminating waste. Monitoring GFR is crucial for detecting kidney disease, assessing its progression, adjusting treatments, and preventing kidney damage in at-risk individuals.

200

What is the urinary system?

  • kidneys — which filter your blood to make urine
  • ureters — the tubes connecting your kidneys to your bladder
  • bladder — which stores urine (wee) until you empty it by urinating (doing a wee)
  • urethra — which is the narrow tube that lets urine leave your body
300

How does the body control water and electrolyte balance?

1. Hormonal Regulation

2. Kidneys as Key Regulators

3. Thirst Mechanism

300

How does secretion contribute to the composition of urine?

1. Elimination of Additional Waste Products

2. Regulation of pH Balance

3. Fine-Tuning Electrolyte Balance

300

Ureters-Function

  • Function: They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder using smooth muscle contractions (peristalsis).
300

Bladder.

Bladder. This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra. The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups of urine for two to five hours.

300

What problems can affect the urinary system?

Urinary tract infections

Kidney stones

Urinary retention

and more

400

How does the urinary system help regulate blood pressure?

1. Regulation of Blood Volume


By carefully balancing fluid levels, electrolytes, and hormone responses, the urinary system helps keep blood pressure within a healthy range. This regulation is crucial for ensuring adequate blood flow to organs and maintaining overall cardiovascular health.



400

  • Two sphincter muscles.

  • Two sphincter muscles. These circular muscles help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder.

400

3. Urinary Bladder-

  • Location
  • Function


  • Location: The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ located in the pelvis.

  • Function: It stores urine until it is ready to be excreted. The bladder can hold around 400-600 mL of urine in adults.
400

Two kidneys.

Two kidneys. This pair of purplish-brown organs is located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function is to:


400

The urinary system is divided into two parts.

The upper urinary system includes the kidneys and ureters. The lower urinary system includes the bladder and urethra.

500

  • Urethra. .

  • Urethra. This tube allows urine to pass outside the body. The brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten, which squeezes urine out of the bladder. At the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to relax to let urine exit the bladder through the urethra. When all the signals occur in the correct order, normal urination occurs.

500

  • Nerves in the bladder.

  • Nerves in the bladder. The nerves alert a person when it is time to urinate, or empty the bladder.

500

  • Two ureters.

  • Two ureters. These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys. If urine backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15 seconds, small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters.


500

What is the pathway of urine formation to urine output?



Urine is produced as blood enters the kidneys at the glomerulus in the nephron. The filtrate passes through processes of absorption and secretion to pass as urine out of the kidney to the ureters.

500

The kidneys

 remove waste and extra fluid from the blood to make urine.